Electronic Products

Consumer electronics

2010-06-01T08:39:00.000-07:00

Consumer electronics

Consumer electronics include electronic equipment intended for everyday use. Consumer electronics are most often used in entertainment, communications and office productivity. Some products classed as consumer electronics include personal computers, telephones, MP3 players, audio equipment, televisions, calculators, GPS automotive navigation systems, digital cameras and playback and recording of video media such as DVDs, VHSs or camcorders. Currently, the global consumer electronics industry is partly dominated by American, Japanese and two majors South Korean companies. These American companies include Microsoft, Apple Inc., Seagate, Intel, AMD, Texas Instruments, Cisco, HP, Dell, Western Digital, Xerox, Lexmark, Vizio, Whirlpool, Motorola, Kodak, IBM, Imation, EMC Corporation,SanDisk, Bose, Kingston Technology, Monster Cable Products, Qualcomm, Garmin. These Japanese companies include Sony, Toshiba, Panasonic, Mitsubishi Electric, Hitachi, Sharp, NEC, Brother Industries, Canon, Casio, Konica Minolta, Fujitsu, Olympus Corporation.These two Korean companies are Samsung and LG.

The CEA (Consumer Electronics Association) estimates 2007 US Consumer Electronics sales at 150 billion dollars.[1]

Consumer electronics are manufactured throughout the world, although there is a particularly high concentration of research and development activity in Japan and South Korea. The latest consumer electronics are previewed yearly at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada, at which many industry pioneers speak.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Trends
o 1.1 Ever-falling prices
o 1.2 Product convergence
o 1.3 Connectivity
* 2 Environmental impact
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

[edit] Trends
[edit] Ever-falling prices

One overriding characteristic of all consumer electronic products is the trend of ever-falling prices. This is driven by gains in manufacturing efficiency and automation, lower labor costs as manufacturing has moved to lower-wage countries, and improvements in semiconductor design. Semiconductor components benefit from Moore's Law, an observed principle which states that, for a given price, semiconductor functionality doubles every two years.
[edit] Product convergence

While consumer electronics continues in its trend of convergence, combining elements of many consumer electronic items, the consumer faces different decisions when purchasing their items. There is an ever increasing need to keep the product information updated and most comparable, for the consumer to be able to make an informed buying decision. The variables are becoming more about 'style and price' rather than 'specification and performance'. This convergence of technologies promises a shrinking of choice of retailer to the consumer and the rise of manufacturer status within the home. There is a gradual shift towards e-commerce web-storefronts.
[edit] Connectivity

A recent trend in many types of consumer electronics is connectivity. It's usual for many products to include Internet connectivity using technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or Ethernet. Many products not traditionally associated with computer use (such as TVs or Hi-Fi equipment) now provide options to connect to the Internet or to a computer using a home network to provide access to digital content.

The desire to connect CE products capable of displaying High definition (HD) content has lead the industry to develop a number of technologies, such as WirelessHD or ITU-T G.hn, which are optimized for distribution of HD content between CE devices in a home.
[edit] Environmental impact

Many consumer electronics have planned obsolescence resulting in the generation of e-waste. It is estimated that during 2003 the US alone generated over 2.8 million tons of electronic waste. Less than 10% of that amount was recovered.in other words reduce reuse and recycle with a smile.

Standby power used by consumer electronics and appliance while they are turned off accounts for 5 to 10% of household energy consumption, adding an estimated $3 billion to annual energy costs in the USA. "In the average home, 75% of the electricity used to power home electronics is consumed while the products are turned off."[2]
[edit] See also
Nuvola apps ksim.png Electronics portal

* Product teardown
* Yellow goods

[edit] References

1. ^ CEA: Industry Statistics, http://www.ce.org/Research/Sales_Stats/275.asp
2. ^ EERE Energy Savers: Home Office and Home Electronics

Microwave oven

2010-05-19T12:22:00.000-07:00

Microwave oven

A microwave oven, or a microwave, is a kitchen appliance that cooks or heats food by dielectric heating. This is accomplished by using microwave radiation to heat water and other polarized molecules within the food. This excitation is fairly uniform, leading to food being more evenly heated throughout (except in thick objects) than generally occurs in other cooking techniques.

Basic microwave ovens heat food quickly and efficiently, but do not brown or bake food in the way conventional ovens do. This makes them unsuitable for cooking certain foods, or to achieve certain culinary effects. Additional kinds of heat sources can be added to microwave packaging, or into combination microwave ovens, to add these additional effects.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
* 2 Principles
* 3 Design
o 3.1 Variants and accessories
o 3.2 Sizes
* 4 Microwave-safe plastics
* 5 Uses
* 6 Efficiency
* 7 Benefits and safety features
o 7.1 Heating characteristics
* 8 Effects on food and nutrients
* 9 Hazards
o 9.1 Microwave radiation
* 10 Cultural references
* 11 See also
* 12 References
* 13 External links

[edit] History

The use of high-frequency electric fields for heating dielectric materials had been proposed in the 1930s, for example US patent 2,147,689 (application by Bell Telephone Laboratories, dated 1937) states "This invention relates to heating systems for dielectric materials and the object of the invention is to heat such materials uniformly and substantially simultaneously throughout their mass. ... It has been proposed therefore to heat such materials simultaneously throughout their mass by means of the dielectric loss produced in them when they are subjected to a high voltage, high frequency field."

The heating effect of microwaves was discovered accidentally in 1945. Percy Spencer, an American self-taught engineer from Howland, Maine, was building magnetrons for radar sets with the American company Raytheon. He was working on an active radar set when he noticed that a peanut chocolate bar he had in his pocket started to melt. The radar had melted his chocolate bar with microwaves. The first food to be deliberately cooked with Spencer's microwave was popcorn, and the second was an egg, which exploded in the face of one of the experimenters.[1][2] To verify his finding, Spencer created a high density electromagnetic field by feeding microwave power into a metal box from which it had no way to escape. When food was placed in the box with the microwave energy, the temperature of the food rose rapidly.

On October 8, 1945 Raytheon filed a U.S. patent for Spencer's microwave cooking process and an oven that heated food using microwave energy was placed in a Boston restaurant for testing. In 1947, the company built the Radarange, the first microwave oven in the world.[3] It was almost 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) tall, weighed 340 kilograms (750 lb) and cost about US$5000 each. It consumed 3 kilowatts, about three times as much as today's microwave ovens, and was water-cooled. An early commercial model introduced in 1954 consumed 1.6 kilowatts and sold for US$2000 to US$3000. Raytheon licensed its technology to the Tappan Stove company in 1952. They tried to market a large, 220 volt, wall unit as a home microwave oven in 1955 for a price of US$1295, but it did not sell well. In 1965 Raytheon acquired Amana. In 1967 they introduced the first popular home model, the countertop Radarange, at a price of US$495.

In the 1960s, Litton bought Studebaker's Franklin Manufacturing assets, which had been manufacturing magnetrons and building and selling microwave ovens similar to the Radarange. Litton then developed a new configuration of the microwave, the short, wide shape that is now common. The magnetron feed was also unique. This resulted in an oven that could survive a no-load condition indefinitely.[clarification needed] The new oven was shown at a trade show in Chicago, and helped begin a rapid growth of the market for home microwave ovens. Sales volume of 40,000 units for the US industry in 1970 grew to one million by 1975. Market penetration in Japan, which had learned to build less expensive units by re-engineering a cheaper magnetron, was faster.[clarification needed]

Several other companies joined in the market, and for a time most systems were built by defense contractors, who were most familiar with the magnetron. Litton was particularly well known in the restaurant business. By the late 1970s the technology had improved to the point where prices were falling rapidly. Often called "electronic ovens" in the 1960s, the name "microwave ovens" later became standardized, often now referred to informally as simply "microwaves." Formerly found only in large industrial applications, microwave ovens were increasingly becoming a standard fixture of most kitchens. The rapidly falling price of microprocessors also helped by adding electronic controls to make the ovens easier to use.[citation needed] By 1986, roughly 25% of households in the U.S. owned a microwave oven, up from only about 1% in 1971 [4]. Current estimates hold that over 90% of American households own a microwave oven.[5]
[edit] Principles
For more details on this topic, see dielectric heating.

A microwave oven works by passing non-ionizing microwave radiation, usually at a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (GHz)—a wavelength of 122 millimetres (4.80 in)—through the food. Microwave radiation is between common radio and infrared frequencies. Water, fat, and other substances in the food absorb energy from the microwaves in a process called dielectric heating. Many molecules (such as those of water) are electric dipoles, meaning that they have a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other, and therefore rotate as they try to align themselves with the alternating electric field of the microwaves. This molecular movement represents heat which is then dispersed as the rotating molecules hit other molecules and put them into motion.

Microwave heating is more efficient on liquid water than on fats and sugars (which have a smaller molecular dipole moment), and also more efficient than on frozen water (where the molecules are not free to rotate).[6] Microwave heating is sometimes explained as a resonance of water molecules, but this is incorrect: such resonance only occurs in water vapor at much higher frequencies, at about 20 GHz.[7] Moreover, large industrial/commercial microwave ovens operating at the common large industrial-oven microwave heating frequency of 915 MHz—wavelength 328 millimetres (12.9 in)—also heat water and food perfectly well.[8]

A common misconception is that microwave ovens cook food "from the inside out". In reality, microwaves are absorbed in the outer layers of food in a manner somewhat similar to heat from other methods. The misconception arises because microwaves penetrate dry non-conductive substances at the surfaces of many common foods, and thus often induce initial heat more deeply than other methods. Depending on water content, the depth of initial heat deposition may be several centimetres or more with microwave ovens, in contrast to broiling (infrared) or convection heating, which deposit heat thinly at the food surface. Penetration depth of microwaves is dependent on food composition and the frequency, with lower microwave frequencies (longer wavelengths) penetrating better.

Circuit Experiment

2010-05-11T12:31:00.001-07:00

Circuit Experiment

As a boy, Thomas Edison built a small laboratory in his cellar. His early experiments helped develop a very inquisitive mind. His whole life was spent thinking about how things work and dreaming up new inventions. The light bulb and movie projector are just two of dozens of inventions.

You can build a very basic electrical circuit similar to what Edison may have crafted as a boy. And you can find out what happens when a current is "open" compared with when it's "closed."

Here's What You need:

1. Penlight bulb
2. Flashlight battery
3. Two 6" pieces of insulated wire (any kind will work)
4. Tape to keep the wire on the end of the battery
5. A small piece of thin flat metal to make a "switch"
6. Small block of wood

An Electrical Circuit
(From humorist Dave Barry's book Dave Barry in Cyberspace)

"Electricity is supplied by the wall socket, which is in turn connected to the electrical company via big overhead wires with squirrels running on them.

"A question many people ask ... is, 'How come the squirrels don't get electrocuted?' To answer that question, we need to understand exactly what an electrical circuit is.

"When you turn on a switch, electricity flows through the wire into the appliance, where it is converted via a process called electrolysis into tiny microwaves. These fly around inside the oven area until they locate the Hungry Hombre Heat 'n' Eat Hearty Burrito entree; they then signal the location to each other by slapping their tails in a distinctive pattern. The workers, or drones, then ... swarm around the queen; this causes the rapid warming that makes the entree edible and leads via amino acids, to digestion.

"This is followed by grunting and flushing, with the outflow traveling via underground pipes to the sewage treatment plant, which in turn releases purified water into the river, where it is used to form waterfalls, which rotate the giant turbines that produce the electricity that flows through wires back to your appliance, thereby completing the circuit.

"So we see that squirrels have nothing whatsoever to do with it. There is no need for you to worry about squirrels; believe me, they are not worrying about you."

Please Note: THIS IS A JOKE!!!

Here's What to Do

1. To make a switch:
* Take the block of wood and stick one thumb tack in
* Push the other thumbtack through the thin piece of flat metal.
* Push the thumb tack into the wood so that the piece of metal can touch the other thumb tack (see picture)
2. Connect the first piece of wire to a thumbtack on the switch.
3. Place the light bulb in the center of this wire piece.
4. Tape the end of the first piece of wire to one end of the battery.
5. Tape your second piece of wire to the opposite end of the battery.
6. Attach the end of your second piece of wire to the remaining thumbtack on the switch.

You've created an electrical circuit.

When you press the switch connecting the two thumbtacks, your circuit is "closed" and your current flows -- turning your light bulb on. When your switch is up, your circuit is "open" and your current can not flow -- turning your light bulb off, just like Thomas Edison's may have done.

The number of electrons we are willing to let across the circuit at one time is called "current". We measure current using amperes, or "Amps".

One AMP is defined as 6,250,000,000,000,000,000 (6.25 x 1018) electrons moving across your circuit every second!

Since no one wants to remember such a big number, that big number is called a "coulomb," after the scientist Charles A Coulomb who helped discover what a current of electricity is.

The amount of charge between the sides of the circuit is called "voltage." We measure Voltage in Volts. The word volt is named after another scientist, Alexader Volta, who built the world's first battery.

You'll remember that back in Chapter 1, we defined energy as the "ability to do work."

Well, one volt is defined as the amount of electrical charge needed to make one Coulomb (625,000,000,000,000,000,000 electrons) do one a specific amount of work -- which is labeled one joule.

Joule is also named after a scientist, James Prescott Joule. Do you remember him from Chapter 2?

Voltage, Current and Resistance are very important to circuits. If either voltage or current is too big you could break the circuit. But if either is too small, the circuit will not be able to work enough to be useful to us. In the same way, if the resistance is too big none of the electrons would be able to get though at all, but if it were too small, they would rush though all at once breaking the circuit on their way.

Electronic circuit

2010-05-11T12:28:00.000-07:00

Electronic circuit

An electronic circuit is composed of individual electronic components, such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes, connected by conductive wires or traces through which electrical current can flow. The combination of components and wires allows various simple and complex operations to be performed: signals can be amplified, computations can be performed, and data can be moved from one place to another. [1] Circuits can be constructed of discrete components connected by individual pieces of wire, but today it is much more common to create interconnections by photolithographic techniques on a laminated substrate (a printed circuit board or PCB) and solder the components to these interconnections to create a finished circuit. In an Integrated Circuit or IC, the components and interconnections are formed on the same substrate, typically a semiconductor such as silicon or (less commonly) gallium arsenide. [2]

Breadboards, perfboards or stripboards are common for testing new designs. They allow the designer to make quick changes to the circuit during development.

An electronic circuit can usually be categorized as an analog circuit, a digital circuit or a mixed-signal circuit (a combination of analog circuits and digital circuits).
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Analog circuits
* 2 Digital circuits
* 3 Mixed-signal circuits
* 4 References
* 5 External links

[edit] Analog circuits
Main article: Analog electronics
A circuit diagram representing an analog circuit, in this case a simple amplifier.

Analog electronic circuits are those in which current or voltage may vary continuously with time to correspond to the information being represented. Analog circuitry is used to interact with the external world: analog amplifiers drive speakers, send to and receive signals from antennas and interact with sensors, such as cameras, thermocouples and photocells. Traditional electronic devices were mainly composed of analog circuitry, but in modern systems incoming signals are digitized (converted into discrete values expressed in binary code) as soon as possible, and output signals are converted back to analog only when necessary.

Analog circuitry is constructed from two fundamental building blocks: series and parallel circuits. In a series circuit, the same current passes through a series of components. A string of Christmas lights is a good example of a series circuit: if one goes out, they all do. In a parallel circuit, all the components are connected to the same voltage, and the current divides between the various components according to their resistance.
A simple schematic showing wires, a resistor, and a battery.

The basic components of analog circuits are wires, resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, and transistors. (Recently, memristors have been added to the list of available components.) Analog circuits are very commonly represented in schematic diagrams, in which wires are shown as lines, and each component has a unique symbol. Analog circuit analysis employs Kirchhoff's laws: all the currents at a node (a place where wires meet) must add to 0, and the voltage around a closed loop of wires is 0. Wires are usually treated as ideal zero-voltage interconnections; any resistance or reactance is captured by explicitly adding a parasitic element, such as a discrete resistor or inductor. Active components such as transistors are often treated as controlled current or voltage sources: for example, a field-effect transistor can be modeled as a current source from the source to the drain, with the current controlled by the gate-source voltage.

When the circuit size is comparable to a wavelength of the relevant signal frequency, a more sophisticated approach must be used. Wires are treated as transmission lines, with (hopefully) constant characteristic impedance, and the impedances at the start and end determine transmitted and reflected waves on the line. Such considerations typically become important for circuit boards at frequencies above a GHz; integrated circuits are smaller and can be treated as lumped elements for frequencies less than 10 GHz or so.

An alternative model is to take independent power sources and induction as basic electronic units; this allows modeling frequency dependent negative resistors, gyrators, negative impedance converters, and dependent sources as secondary electronic components.
[edit] Digital circuits
Main article: Digital electronics

In digital electronic circuits, electric signals take on discrete values, to represent logical and numeric values [3]. These values represent the information that is being processed. In the vast majority of cases, binary encoding is used: one voltage (typically the more positive value) represents a binary '1' and another voltage (usually a value near the ground potential, 0 V) represents a binary '0'. Digital circuits make extensive use of transistors, interconnected to create logic gates that provide the functions of Boolean logic: AND, OR, NOT, and all possible combinations thereof. Transistors interconnected so as to provide positive feedback are used as latches and flip flops, circuits that have two or more metastable states, and remain in one of these states until changed by an external input. Digital circuits therefore can provide both logic and memory, enabling them to perform arbitrary computational functions. (Memory based on flip-flops is known as SRAM (static random access memory). Memory based on the storage of charge in a capacitor, DRAM (dynamic random access memory) is also widely used.)

Digital circuits are fundamentally easier to design than analog circuits for the same level of complexity, because each logic gate regenerates the binary signal, so the designer need not account for distortion, gain control, offset voltages, and other concerns faced in an analog design. As a consequence, extremely complex digital circuits, with billions of logic elements integrated on a single silicon chip, can be fabricated at low cost. Such digital integrated circuits are ubiquitous in modern electronic devices, such as calculators, mobile phone handsets, and computers.

Digital circuitry is used to create general purpose computing chips, such as microprocessors, and custom-designed logic circuits, known as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), chips with logic circuitry whose configuration can be modified after fabrication, are also widely used in prototyping and development.
[edit] Mixed-signal circuits

Mixed-signal or hybrid circuits contain elements of both analog and digital circuits. Examples include comparators, timers, PLLs, ADCs (analog-to-digital converters), and DACs (digital-to-analog converters). Most modern radio and communications circuitry uses mixed signal circuits. For example, in a receiver, analog circuitry is used to amplify and frequency-convert signals so that they reach a suitable state to be converted into digital values, after which further signal processing can be performed in the digital domain.

Electrical network

2010-05-11T12:27:00.000-07:00

Electrical network

An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical elements such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, transmission lines, voltage sources, current sources, and switches.

An electrical circuit is a network that has a closed loop, giving a return path for the current. A network is a connection of two or more components, and may not necessarily be a circuit.

Electrical networks that consist only of sources (voltage or current), linear lumped elements (resistors, capacitors, inductors), and linear distributed elements (transmission lines) can be analyzed by algebraic and transform methods to determine DC response, AC response, and transient response.

A network that also contains active electronic components is known as an electronic circuit. Such networks are generally nonlinear and require more complex design and analysis tools.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Design methods
* 2 Electrical laws
* 3 Network simulation software
o 3.1 Linearization around operating point
o 3.2 Piecewise-linear approximation
* 4 See also

[edit] Design methods

To design any electrical circuit, either analog or digital, electrical engineers need to be able to predict the voltages and currents at all places within the circuit. Linear circuits, that is, circuits with the same input and output frequency, can be analyzed by hand using complex number theory. Other circuits can only be analyzed with specialized software programs or estimation techniques.

Circuit simulation software, such as VHDL and HSPICE, allows engineers to design circuits without the time, cost and risk of error involved in building circuit prototypes.
[edit] Electrical laws

A number of electrical laws apply to all electrical networks. These include:

* Kirchhoff's current law: The sum of all currents entering a node is equal to the sum of all currents leaving the node.
* Kirchhoff's voltage law: The directed sum of the electrical potential differences around a loop must be zero.
* Ohm's law: The voltage across a resistor is equal to the product of the resistance and the current flowing through it (at constant temperature).
* Norton's theorem: Any network of voltage and/or current sources and resistors is electrically equivalent to an ideal current source in parallel with a single resistor.
* Thévenin's theorem: Any network of voltage and/or current sources and resistors is electrically equivalent to a single voltage source in series with a single resistor.

* See also Analysis of resistive circuits.

Other more complex laws may be needed if the network contains nonlinear or reactive components. Non-linear self-regenerative heterodyning systems can be approximated. Applying these laws results in a set of simultaneous equations that can be solved either by hand or by a computer.
[edit] Network simulation software

More complex circuits can be analyzed numerically with software such as SPICE or GNUCAP, or symbolically using software such as SapWin.
[edit] Linearization around operating point

When faced with a new circuit, the software first tries to find a steady state solution, that is, one where all nodes conform to Kirchhoff's Current Law and the voltages across and through each element of the circuit conform to the voltage/current equations governing that element.

Once the steady state solution is found, the operating points of each element in the circuit are known. For a small signal analysis, every non-linear element can be linearized around its operation point to obtain the small-signal estimate of the voltages and currents. This is an application of Ohm's Law. The resulting linear circuit matrix can be solved with Gaussian elimination.
[edit] Piecewise-linear approximation

Software such as the PLECS interface to Simulink uses piecewise-linear approximation of the equations governing the elements of a circuit. The circuit is treated as a completely linear network of ideal diodes. Every time a diode switches from on to off or vice versa, the configuration of the linear network changes. Adding more detail to the approximation of equations increases the accuracy of the simulation, but also increases its running time.

HP Officejet 6000 Printer

2010-05-08T05:33:00.000-07:00

HP Officejet 6000 Printer

Fast, network-ready printing
• Professional color documents for lowest cost per page vs. in-class inkjets
• Cuts energy use by up to 40% compared with lasers

HP Designjet 110plus Printer

2010-05-08T05:30:00.000-07:00

HP Designjet 110plus Printer

Fast printing: up to 11 pages/min letter, 90 seconds/page A1/D size
• C-size tray and two media paths that support sizes from postcard to 24" posters
• Prints everything from CAD designs to presentations, oversized graphics

HP laptop batteries recalled for overheating

2010-05-08T05:27:00.000-07:00

HP laptop batteries recalled for overheating

After two reports of flaming laptop batteries, the Consumer Product Safety Commission announced Thursday that Hewlett-Packard is voluntarily recalling 70,000 lithium-ion batteries that shipped with several models of its HP and Compaq laptops.

HP's Pavilion dv9500 is one of 21 HP laptops affected by Thursday's battery recall.

(Credit: CNET)
The recall affects nine models of HP Pavilions, nine models of Compaq Presarios, two models of HPs, and one HP Compaq laptop model sold between August 2007 and March 2008. For the full list, see the CPSC's site.

There were two separate reports of batteries that "overheated and ruptured, resulting in flames/fire that caused minor property damage" but no injuries, according to the CPSC report.

HP is instructing consumers who may be part of the recall to remove the battery from their notebook and contact HP to find out if theirs is affected. HP says it will provide a free replacement battery. For more information, see HP's Battery Replacement Program site.

Palo Alto, Calif.-based HP is the world's largest computer vendor, and like many of its peers in the industry has been part of several similar battery recalls. The most recent incident involved 100,000 Sony-made batteries faulted for overheating late last year. HP had sold 32,000 of the affected batteries in its laptops. But that was tiny by comparison to the massive recall caused by Sony batteries in 2006.

Nokia N96

2010-05-06T12:43:00.000-07:00

Nokia N96

hats New? Nokia N96 Designed for video & TV Entertainment.
Immerse yourself in entertainment with high-quality video, on Nokia N96's brilliant 2.8" display & with superb sound. Nokia N96 has 16 GBs of memory to take your videos, music & other content, further expandable with memory card slot. Nokia Video Center to find more internet videos for download. Nokia N96 has 5 megapixel camera with Carl Zeiss Optics, camcorder function with video light. Integrated A-GPS & rich maps. Connect to the internet in multiple ways.
Dimension 103 x 55 x 18 mm, 92 cc
Weight 125 g
Battery Talk time Up to 3 h 40 min, Stand-by Up to 220 h
OS Symbian OS 9.3, S60 rel. 3.2
Memory 128MB RAM, 256MB storage Memory + Nokia N96 has 16 GB of internal memory + Extendable microSD (TransFlash)
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, USB, GPRS Class 32 (107 / 64.2 kbps), HSCSD, EDGE Class 32 (296 kbps; DTM Class 11, 177 kbps), 3G (HSDPA, 3.6 Mbps), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g)
Display Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.8 inches
Display Colour TFT, 16M colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (3G: HSDPA 2100 / 900)
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML, RSS reader
Colors Black
Entertainment DVB-H TV broadcast receiver, MP3/AAC/AAC+/eAAC+/WMA player, Stereo FM Radio with RDS, TV out, 3.5 mm audio output jack, Games
Camera 5 MP, 2592x1944 pixels, Carl Zeiss optics, autofocus, video(30fps), flash; 2ndary VGA videocall camera
Other Features Nokia N96 has a Dual slide design, Built-in GPS receiver, Built-in handsfree
Ring Tones Polyphonic (64 channels), True Tones, MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging
Price Price in Rs: 36,500 Price in USD: $437

BlackBerry Bold

2010-05-06T12:37:00.000-07:00

BlackBerry Bold 9000

hats New? BlackBerry Bold 9000 - Be Bold
Accept no substitutes. The BlackBerry® Bold™ 900 smartphone embodies elegant design – without sacrificing the features or functionality you expect from a premium smartphone. BlackBerry Bold 900 connects you, helping you stay on top of your day. With BlackBerry® Bold™ 900 camera and video recording, you can capture and share the moment with just a few clicks. BlackBerry® Bold™ 900 - The BlackBerry Experience: No Compromises
Dimension 114 x 66 x 15 mm
Weight 136 g
Battery Talk time Up to 4.5 h, Stand-by Up to 324 h
OS BlackBerry
Memory 1 GB Built-in (128 MB RAM) + microSD Card (microSDHC, up to 8 GB)
Processor 624 MHz
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, USB, GPRS Class 10 (48 kbps), EDGE Class 10 (236.8 kbps), 3G (HSDPA 3.6 Mbps), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g)
Display Size 480 x 320 pixels (Full QWERTY keyboard with Backlighting)
Display Colour TFT LCD 65K colors (Light sensing screen)
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 850 / 1900 / 2100)
Browser HTML
Colors Black
Entertainment Media player MP3/WMA/AAC+, 3.5 mm stereo headset jack, Video player DivX/WMV/XviD/3gp, Games (built-in + downloadable)
Camera 2 MP, 1600x1200 pixels, LED flash, Video
Other Features Keyboard backlighting Trackball navigation, BlackBerry maps, Built-in GPS, Document editor (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF), Speakerphone
Ring Tones Polyphonic ringtones – MIDI, SP-MDI, MP3, WAV (LED indicator)
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging
Price Price in Rs: 45,000 Price in USD: $539

HP TouchSmart 300z series

2010-05-05T21:39:00.000-07:00

HP TouchSmart 300z series

Sleek, multi-touch All-in-One PC with HD display, integrated webcam and wireless LAN

* Genuine Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit
* AMD Athlon(TM) II 235e dual-core processor [2.7GHz, 2MB L2, up to 4000MT/s bus]
* 2GB DDR3-1066MHz SODIMM [1 DIMM]
* 320GB 7200 rpm SATA 3Gb/s hard drive
* Wireless-N LAN card
HP TouchSmart 300z series

[HP Pavilion All-in-One MS220z series] Demo HP Pavilion All-in-One MS220z series

2010-05-05T21:36:00.001-07:00

[HP Pavilion All-in-One MS220z series]
Demo
HP Pavilion All-in-One MS220z series

]
4.6 out of 5 4.6 out of 5 stars (14 reviews)
Space-saving All-in-One PC with integrated HD display and wireless LAN

* Genuine Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit
* AMD Athlon(TM) II 250u dual-core processor [1.6GHz, 2MB L2, up to 3600MT/s bus]
* 2GB DDR2-800MHz SODIMM [1 DIMM]
* 320GB 7200 rpm SATA 3Gb/s hard drive
* Wireless-G LAN card

HP Pavilion dv6t series

2010-05-05T12:35:00.000-07:00

HP Pavilion dv6t series

Look cool and handle the toughest tasks in this 16" high def display laptop. Includes the latest Intel Core i3 and i5 processors

* Genuine Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit
* Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-330M Dual Core processor (2.13GHz, 3MB L2 Cache)
* 3GB DDR3 System Memory (2 Dimm)
* 320GB 7200RPM SATA Hard Drive with HP ProtectSmart Hard Drive Protection
* Intel(R) HD Graphics - For i3 and i5 Processors

Be Modern Group "Olsen" wall mounted fire

2010-05-03T12:11:00.000-07:00

Be Modern Group "Olsen" wall mounted fire

Enjoy the captivating style of our Be Modern Olsen wall mounted fire with its illuminated flame effect and a contemporary brushed steel fascia. Make electrical heating not only a practical household feature, but a style statement with this flat-to-wall (with fixings) heater. realistic pebble bed creates a subtle nuance of peace and tranquillity with this electric fireplace from Be Modern Fires relax in front of this thermostat-controlled electric fire heater – the ultimate in 21st century living Useful info: 1 kW and 2 kW heat settings dimensions: height: 48cm x width: 86.5cm x depth: 16cm finish: brushed steel fascia with black edging uses low energy bulbs BE MODERN helpline: 0191 489 8006. More...

HTC P3350

2010-05-03T12:10:00.000-07:00

HTC P3350

Whats New? A slim and stylish PDA phone with HTC Media Hub to provide one-stop access to multimedia entertainment, for multimedia on the move the HTC P3350 has it all. It is a powerful mobile device that gives you all the PDA features you need - but so much more.
Dimension 108 x 58 x 16.8 mm
Weight 130 g
Battery Talk Time Up to 4 h, Standby Time Up to 200 h
Memory 64 MB RAM, 128 MB ROM, + microSD Memory Card, 200 Mhz processor
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0, USB, GPRS Class 10 (48 kbps), EDGE Class 10 (236.8 kbps), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11b/g)
Display Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.8 inches
Display Colour TFT touchscreen, 65K colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / GSM 900 / GSM 1800 / GSM 1900
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML (PocketIE)
Entertainment Pocket Windows Media Player, Games, MP3/AAC player, FM radio, Video/audio album
Camera 2 MP, 1600x1200 pixels, video
Ring Tones Polyphonic, MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging
Price Price in Rs: 38,000 Price in USD: $455

ASUS N61Jv-X2

2010-05-02T12:33:00.000-07:00

ASUS N61Jv-X2

When looking for an entertainment notebook that costs less than $1,000, you have to decide what bells and whistles you can live without, and what’s most critical to an optimal experience. The ASUS N61Jv-X2 gets it mostly right. For $899, users get an Intel Core i5 processor, Nvidia GeForce GT325M graphics, and a handsome design. Plus, the N61Jv is the third notebook we’ve tested with Nvidia’s Optimus technology, which means it can seamlessly switch between its powerful Nvidia GPU and the more energy-efficient integrated graphics for more battery life. However, we’re not sure how much of a benefit this feature is in a 6-pound laptop, which raises the question as to whether ASUS made all the right decisions in building this value-priced multimedia machine.
Design

Unlike the U30Jc or the UL50, the lid of the N61Jv is glossy with a subtle wavy pinstripe pattern, much like the K42F. This looks cool, but it doesn’t do a great job of hiding fingerprint smudges. Inside, however, ASUS has made several interesting design changes. The palm rest is rubberized, making it very comfortable to the touch.

Above the chiclet-style keyboard is the most striking feature: a silver speaker bar perforated by tiny holes. At the right side is a circular chrome power button encircled by a backlit ring; on the other side are buttons to control multimedia playback and to launch the ExpressGate Instant-On environment. At either end of the silver bar are two translucent strips that light up blue when the notebook is on. All in all, it has a very retro-chic look, like something Braun might have designed in the 80s.

Weighing 6 pounds even, the N61J is a bit heavier than most notebooks in its class, most of which have smaller 15.6-inch screens. The Samsung R580, for example, weighs 5.6 pounds. However, the N61Jv, at 15.4 x 10.6 x 1.1—1.5 inches, cuts a thinner profile to the R580’s 16.2 x 10.7 x 1.3—1.6 inches.
Heat

After we played a Hulu video at full screen for 15 minutes, we were pleased to see that the N61Jv kept its cool; the touchpad measured 93 degrees Fahrenheit, the space between the G and H keys was just 91, and the middle of the underside was 89 degrees. The hottest place we measured was by the vent, which topped off at a reasonable 95 degrees.

Nokia 5630 XpressMusic

2010-03-08T07:29:00.000-08:00

Nokia 5630 XpressMusic

hats New? Nokia 5630 XpressMusic - Play. Share. Cool & confident.
Nokia 5630 XpressMusic is your connection to your closest friends & favourite music. Find great new sounds on-line with Nokia 5630 XpressMusic, & enjoy your music on-the-go. Nokia 5630 XpressMusic is a world of music. Enjoy crystal clear audio using the 3.5 mm AV connector, or get a big sound from the built-in stereo speakers of Nokia 5630 XpressMusic. "say and play" to access up to 16 GB of music with expandable memory. With your New Nokia 5630 XpressMusic See Snap & Share.
Dimension 112 x 46 x 12 mm
Weight 83 g
Battery Talk time Up to 7 h, Stand-by Up to 400 h
OS Symbian S60 v 9.3 rel. 3.2
Memory 256 MB Built-in, 128 MB RAM + 4 GB microSD card included (supports upto 16 GB)
Processor ARM 11 600 MHz
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, USB, WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g UPnP), GPRS Class 32, HSCSD, EDGE Class 32 (296 / 178.8 kbits), 3G (HSDPA: 10.2 Mbps, HSUPA: 2 Mbps)
Display Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.2 inches
Display Colour TFT, 16M colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 2100 / 900)
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML
Colors Red, Blue, Silver
Entertainment Stereo FM radio with RDS, MP3/MP4/eAAC+/WMA player, 3.5 mm audio jack, N-Gage compatible Games (Built-in + downloadable)
Camera 3.15 MP, 2048x1536 pixels, enhanced fixed focus, LED flash, Video, (2ndary VGA videocall camera)
Other Features Dedicated music keys, Speakerphone, Voice memo, Flash Lite 3.0
Ring Tones Downloadable Polyphonic, MIDI, AAC, eAAC, eAAC+, WAV, WMA, MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email
Price Price in Rs: 17,500 Price in USD: $209

Scanner

2010-03-08T07:26:00.001-08:00

Scanner

Jump to: navigation, search
Search Wiktionary Look up scanner in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Scanner may refer to a number of technological devices:

* Scanner (radio), for searching for and receiving radio broadcasts
* A rotating radar antenna
* Image scanner, which digitizes a two-dimensional image
* 3D scanner, which digitizes the three-dimensional shape of a real object
* Barcode reader, which reads the data encoded in a barcode
* Vulnerability scanner, a computer program that probes for weaknesses
* Lexical analysis, a computer program
* Stepper, a part of the photolithography process
* An outside broadcasting control vehicle
* An automotive electronic control unit diagnostic tool
* An automated spotlight
* Port scanner, in computer networking
* A biometric scanner, an electronic device with a sensor to read patterns or images from faces, irises and finger pads to create a biological template or profile

In popular culture, scanner may refer to:

* Scanner (Band), a German speed metal band
* Scanners (band), an alternative band from London
* Scanner (Code Lyoko), a fictional teleportation device
* The stage name of British electronic musician Robin Rimbaud
* Scanner (Half-Life), a floating enemy in the Half-Life video game series
* Scanners Live in Vain, a science fiction short story by Cordwainer Smith
* A Scanner Darkly, a science fiction novel by Philip K. Dick
* Scanners, a 1981 science fiction horror film
* In much science fiction, especially older science fiction, the term scanner is used to refer to what is usually now termed a monitor.

[edit] Other

* WikiScanner, a tool that provides a searchable database of anonymous Wikipedia edits
* A personality type described by self-help author Barbara Sher

[edit] See also

Samsung I5700 Galaxy Spica

2010-02-20T07:35:00.000-08:00

Samsung I5700 Galaxy Spica

Whats New? Samsung I5700 Galaxy Spica
Samsung I5700 Galaxy Spica is SAMSUNG Pakistan’s first device powered by Android, giving customers instant access to familiar applications, as well as access to a range of ever-expanding services being developed for the Android operating system & Samsung I5700 Galaxy Spica. Whatever your lifestyle, there will be an Android application for you and with its expandable memory, you can personalise your Samsung I5700 Galaxy Spica with as many apps as you desire. Go directly to the Android market via a widget on your Samsung I5700 Galaxy Spica & download a variety of unique applications.
Dimension 115 x 57 x 13.2 mm
Weight 124 g
Battery Talk time Up to 11 h 30 min, Stand-by Up to 650 h
OS Android OS, v1.5 (Cupcake)
Memory 180 MB Built-in + microSD Card (up to 32 GB)
Processor 800MHz
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.1 with A2DP, USB, GPRS Class 12 (48 kbps), EDGE Class 12, 3G (HSDPA 3.6 Mbps), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g)
Display Size 320 x 480 pixels, 3.2 inches (Accelerometer sensor for auto-rotate)
Display Colour TFT capacitive touchscreen, 65K colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 900 / 2100)
Browser HTML
Colors Black, White
Entertainment YouTube, MP3/e-AAC+/WMA player, 3.5 mm audio jack, DNSe (Digital Natural Sound Engine), MP4/H.263/H.264/WMV/DivX player,
Camera 3.15 MP, 2048x1536 pixels, autofocus, Geo-tagging, Video
Other Features GPS + A-GPS support, Digital compas, Speakerphone, Google Talk integration, Google Search, Maps, Gmail
Ring Tones MP3, WAV
Messaging SMS(threaded view), MMS, Email, IM
Price Price in Rs: 27,000 Price in USD: $323

Sony Ericsson Satio Idou

2010-02-20T07:34:00.000-08:00

Sony Ericsson Satio Idou

Whats New? Sony Ericsson Satio - Widescreen Wonder with Magic Touch(Idou) -
Sony Ericsson Satio Get set for entertainment beyond your most colorful dreams. Sony Ericsson Satio combines incredible technology & style & comes with a 12.1 megapixel camera. Talk with pictures. Tap directly into your favorite music and movies using the unique touch panels of Sony Ericsson Satio. Use the amazing touchscreen camera feature to focus and make every photo first class with Sony Ericsson Satio. With the Sony Ericsson Satio, all your favorite stuff is just a touch away. Tap directly into TV series, mobile videos & music via the ingenious full-touch media menu on this amazing entertainment phone.
Dimension 112 x 55 x 13 mm
Weight 126 g
Battery Talk time Up to 11 h Stand-by Up to 360 h
OS Symbian Series 60, 5th edition
Memory 128 MB Built-in, 256 MB RAM + 8GB microSD Card included (supports up to 32GB)
Processor ARM Cortex A8 600 MHz, PowerVR SGX graphics
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, USB, WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g DLNA), GPRS Class 10 (48 kbps), EDGE Class 10 (236.8 kbps), 3G (HSDPA 7.2 Mbps, HSUPA 3.6 Mbps)
Display Size 3.5 inches, 360 x 640 pixels (Accelerometer sensor, Proximity sensor)
Display Colour TFT touchscreen, 16M colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 900 / 2100)
Browser WAP 2.0/HTML, RSS reader
Colors Black, Silver, Bordeaux
Entertainment Stereo FM radio, WMV/RV/MP4/3GP video player, MP3/WMA/WAV/RA/AAC/M4A music player, Games (built-in + downloadable)
Camera 12 MP, 4000 x 3000 pixels, Digital zoom up to 16x, autofocus, xenon flash, LED flash, Video (VGA 30fps), Touch focus, geo-tagging, face & smile detection, 2ndary VGA videocall camera
Other Features GPS + A-GPS support, Google maps, Speakerphone, Gesture control,
Ring Tones Downloadable polyphonic, MP3, AAC
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, IM

Apple iphone 3G 8GB

2010-01-29T05:40:00.000-08:00

Apple iphone 3G 8GB

pecs & Features
Post Comment View all Comments
Whats New? Apple iphone 3G 8GB.. Twice as Fast. Half the Price
Apple's iPhone 3G technology gives fast access to the Internet & email over cellular networks around the world. Apple iPhone 3G also makes it possible to do more in more places: Surf the web, download email, get directions, & watch video � even while you�re on a call. all that with your new iphone 3G 8GB..
Dimension 115.5 x 62.1 x 12.2 mm
Weight 133 g
Battery Stand-by Up to 300 h, Talk time Up to 10 h
OS Mac OS X v10.4.10
Memory 8GB shared memory (No Memory Card)
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 (headset support only), USB, GPRS, EDGE, 3G (HSDPA), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11b/g)
Display Size 320 x 480 pixels, 3.5 inches
Display Colour 16M colors, Multi-touch input (Accelerometer sensor for auto-rotate & Ambient light sensor)
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 850 / 1900 / 2100)
Browser HTML (Safari)
Colors Black, White
Entertainment iPod audio/video player, TV output, 3.5 mm headset jack, Photo browser/editor, Downloadable Games
Camera 2 MP, 1600x1200 pixels
Other Features Built-in GPS receiver, A-GPS function, Google Maps, Voice memo, Integrated handsfree
Ring Tones Polyphonic, MP3
Messaging SMS, Email
Price Price in Rs: 49,000 Price in USD: $587

HTC P3400

2010-01-29T05:38:00.000-08:00

HTC P3400

Specs & Features
Post Comment View all Comments
Whats New? This mobile device is a true �pocket PC�. Microsoft� Windows Mobile� 5.0 allows you to manage your Microsoft� Word and Excel� files, retrieve your emails instantly with Direct Push synchronisation, and browse the web with Internet Explorer� Mobile.
Dimension 109 x 58 x 17.6 mm
Weight 126 g
Battery Talk Time Up to 5 h, Standby Time Up to 200 h
Memory 64 MB RAM, 128 MB ROM, 200 Mhz processor, Memory Card (SD Slot)
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0, USB, GPRS Class 10 (48 kbps), EDGE Class 10 (236.8 kbps),
Display Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.8 inches
Display Colour TFT touchscreen, 65K colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / GSM 900 / GSM 1800 / GSM 1900
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML (PocketIE)
Entertainment Windows Pocket Media Player. Games, MP3/AAC player, Video/audio album
Camera 2 MP, 1600x1200 pixels, video
Ring Tones Polyphonic, MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging
Price Price in Rs: 20,500 Price in USD: $245

Sony unleashes twelve Cyber-shot compact cameras

2010-01-13T07:09:00.000-08:00

Sony unleashes twelve Cyber-shot compact cameras

Pre-CES 2010: Sony has unleashed twelve Cyber-shot compacts. First come the feature-rich HX5 and TX7 with 10MP Exmor R back illuminated CMOS sensors, 25mm wide angle lenses and offer AVCHD 1080i Full HD movie recording, image stabilization and Intelligent Sweep Panorama. The HX5 also comes with built-in GPS and compass, while the TX7 includes a 3.5 inch touchscreen LCD. Next come eight new compacts in the W-series, with 14MP CCDs and wide-angle lenses, including features such as Sweep Panorama and HD movie recording. Lastly, we have the S2100, S2000 with 12 megapixel sensors, 10x optical zoom lenses and 3.0 inch LCDs. The latest line-up of Cyber-shots support SD/SDHC memory cards and will be available from the end of January 2010.

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Samsung i8000 Omnia II

2010-01-13T07:07:00.001-08:00

Samsung i8000 Omnia II

Whats New? Samsung i8000 Omnia II - All-in-one. Redefined.
Ultra Brilliant 3.7" AMOLED Display of Samsung i8000 Omnia II provides unmatched luminescence & vivid eye catching colors with crystal-clarity. Samsung i8000 Omnia II has got the brightest display even in direct sunlight. Touch-Optimized User Interface of Samsung i8000 Omnia II provides an optimal user experience, moreover Samsung i8000 Omnia II's 5MP camera with dual power LED takes stunning photos. All in all Samsung i8000 Omnia II is a powerfull multimedia beast.
Dimension 118 x 59.6 x 11.9 mm
Weight 129 g
Battery Talk time Up to 10 h, Stand-by Up to 430 h
OS Microsoft Windows Mobile 6.1 Professional (upgradeable to Windows Mobile 6.5)
Memory 2/8/16 GB Built-in, 256 MB RAM + microSD Card (Supports up to 32GB)
Processor Samsung S3C6410 800MHz, Dedicated Graphics Accelerator
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, USB, WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g DLNA), GPRS Class 10 (48 kbps), HSCSD, EDGE Class 10 (236.8 kbps), 3G (HSDPA 7.2 Mbps, HSUPA 5.76 Mbps)
Display Size 480 x 800 pixels, 3.7 inches (TouchWiz 2.0 UI + Accelerometer sensor)
Display Colour AMOLED resistive touchscreen, 65K colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 900 / 1900 / 2100)
Browser HTML, Opera Browser v9.5
Colors Black
Entertainment Stereo FM radio with RDS + FM recording, MP3/ e-AAC+/ WMA / WMDRM / OMA DRM 2.1 player, 3.5 mm audio jack, Media Gate 3D, DivX / XviD / MP4/ H.263/ H.264/ WMV player, TV-out, Find Music service, 3D interactive games
Camera 5 MP, 2592 x 1944 pixels, autofocus, LED flash, Geo-tagging, face & smile detection, Video (720x480 at 30fps), 2ndary Videocall Camera
Other Features GPS + A-GPS support, Speakerphone, Pocket Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote, PDF viewer), Mobile Tracker
Ring Tones Vibration; MP3, WAV
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, IM
Price Price in Rs: 49,500 Price in USD: $593

Samsung S5230W Star WiFi

2010-01-13T06:59:00.000-08:00

Samsung S5230W Star WiFi

Whats New? S5230W Star WiFi - Now a STAR with Wi-Fi
Samsung S5230W Star WiFi, (also known as S5233W Star WiFi) is latest version of the Samsung Star S5230/S5233 upgrading it with WiFi. Other Features of Samsung Star S5230W WiFi remains the same as s5230 including Mobile Blogging (Share Pix), Accelerometer Rotation, Smart Unlock (Gesture Control), Downloadable online widgets, TouchWIZ UI. & much more.. Samsung Star S5230W WiFi truly showcases the magic of touch.
Dimension 104 x 53 x 11.9 mm
Weight 92 g
Battery Talk time Up to 13 h, Stand-by Up to 600 h
Memory 50 MB Built-in + microSD Card(Supports up to 16GB)
Connectivity WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g), Bluetooth v2.1 with A2DP, USB, GPRS Class 12 (48 kbps), EDGE Class 12
Display Size 240 x 400 pixels, 3.0 inches (Accelerometer sensor, Gesture lock)
Display Colour 256K colors (TFT resistive touchscreen, Handwriting recognition)
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML (Jasmine)
Colors Black, Silver, White, Pink
Entertainment Stereo FM radio with RDS, MP3/WMA/AAC player, Shazam Find Music service, H.263/H.264/MPEG4 player, DNSe (Digital Natural Sound Engine)
Camera 3.15 MP, 2048x1536 pixels, Smile detection, Video (QVGA@15fps)
Other Features Speakerphone, Organizer, Mobile Tracker
Ring Tones Downloadable Polyphonic, MP3, WAV
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email
Price Price in Rs: 17,200 Price in USD: $206

Honeywell Electronic Ceramic Heater

2009-12-30T05:47:00.000-08:00

Honeywell Electronic Ceramic Heater

This Digital Ceramic Heater allows you to customize your comfort level with an adjustable thermostat, energy savings or maximum heat settings, auto shutoff timer and oscillation for wide heat distribution. Advanced safety features include the SafeGuard Alert Badge to monitor grille heat, cool-touch housing, overheat protection and tip-over switch.

Features

* Honeywell 1500 Watts Compact Ceramic Heater
* Oscillating Design to Circulate Air
* 2 Heat Settings
* Adjustable Thermostat
* Whisper Quiet Operation
* 7.25 x 9 x 13.75 "

Additional Information

* DPCI: 085-19-0087
* ASIN: B000TGX58E
* Catalog #: 10644653
* Item can be gift wrapped.
* Made in the USA or Imported

Shipping & Policies

* You may return this item to any Target store.Opens in New Window
* Shipping & Delivery InformationOpens in New Window
* Estimated Ship Dimensions : 23.8 inches length x 10 inches width x 9.8 inches height
* Estimated Ship Weight: 9.36 pounds.

Nokia 6760 slide

2009-12-30T05:45:00.000-08:00

Nokia 6760 slide

Whats New? Nokia 6760 slide - Be mobile. Be in touch.
On your new Nokia 6760 slide, Stay connected with your world through your fingertips. Email & message your friends, arrange to meet, & explore new places & events together along with Nokia 6760 slide. Getting mobile email is easy – just type in your existing email account details on your Nokia 6760 slide & it's ready to use. Hit the dedicated messaging key and full keyboard to receive, read and respond to instant messages coz Nokia 6760 slide is made for instant messaging
Dimension 97.5 x 57.9 x 15.5 mm, 78.5 cc
Weight 123.9 g
Battery Talk time Up to 5 h, Stand-by Up to 500 h, Music play Up to 17 h
OS Symbian OS, S60 rel. 3.2
Memory 128 MB Built-in + 2GB microSD Card included (supports up to 16GB)
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, USB, GPRS Class 32, HSCSD, EDGE Class 32, 3G (HSDPA 3.6 Mbps)
Display Size 320 x 240 pixels, 2.4 inches (Accelerometer sensor)
Display Colour TFT, 16M colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 900 / 2100)
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML
Colors Black, Red, White
Entertainment Stereo FM radio with RDS, MPEG4/H.264/H.263/RV10/WMV9 player, MP3/WAV/AAC/WMA9 player, Games (built-in + downloadable)
Camera 3.15 MP, 2048x1536 pixels, enhanced fixed focus, Video (QVGA 15fps), 2ndary VideoCall Camera, Quickoffice, PDF Reader, Photo editor
Other Features GPS + A-GPS support, Nokia Maps, Full QWERTY keyboard, Speakerphone,
Ring Tones Downloadable Polyphonic, MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, IM
Price Price in Rs: 24,200 Price in USD: $290

Nokia N97 mini

2009-12-30T05:24:00.000-08:00

Nokia N97 mini

Whats New? Nokia N97 mini - Get to the good things
The sleek Nokia N97 mini integrates the web into your life & seamlessly connects you to your friends & favourite online services. Personalise your Nokia N97 mini's home screen with widgets that bring live feeds from social networks, news agencies & weather services. on Nokia N97 mini your favourite webpages and friends are just a tap away coz now you can add the shortcuts to the home screen. With Nokia N97 mini stay in control of your email, calendar & music with dedicated widgets.
Dimension 113 x 52.5 x 14.2 mm, 75 cc
Weight 138 g
Battery Talk time Up to 7 h 10 min, Stand-by Up to 310 h, Music play Up to 32 h
OS Symbian OS v9.4, Series 60 rel. 5
Memory 8 GB Built-in, 128 MB RAM + microSD Card (supports up to 16GB)
Processor ARM 11 434 MHz
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, USB, GPRS Class 32, HSCSD, EDGE Class 32, WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g UPnP technology), 3G (HSDPA 3.6 Mbps)
Display Size 360 x 640 pixels, 3.2 inches (Proximity sensor for auto turn-off, Accelerometer sensor for auto-rotate)
Display Colour TFT resistive touchscreen, 16M colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 900 / 1900 / 2100)
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML, RSS feeds
Colors Cherry Black, Garnet, White
Entertainment Stereo FM radio with RDS, Visual radio, MP3/WMA/WAV/eAAC+ player, 3.5 mm audio jack, Stereo Speakers, WMV/RealVideo/MP4 video player, Flash video player, TV-out, Video and photo editor, Games
Camera 5MP, 2592x1944 pixels, Carl Zeiss optics, autofocus, Dual LED flash, Video (VGA 30fps), video light, (2ndary camera)
Other Features GPS + A-GPS support, Digital compass, Full QWERTY keyboard, Handwriting recognition, Pocket Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF viewer), Flash Lite 3,
Ring Tones Downloadable, MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Push Email, IM
Price Price in Rs: 42,500 Price in USD: $509

Disclaimer. Prices are updated daily from local shops and dealers but we can not guarantee that the information on this page is 100% correct (Human error is possible), always visit your local shop for exact prices.

Nokia N97 mini - user opinions and Nokia N97 mini reviews
yup..apni marzi k install ho sakta hain..symbian hai bhai jo marzi install karo..
29-12-2009 ali
kia n97 me urdu site open hoti he.? kia is me software apni pasand k install ho sakte hien?? tell me pls. if u know!
27-12-2009 zafar
rate down hogaya hai mini97 ka :) any one wanna sell mini97 contact me..m serious buyr 0321-4020920
24-12-2009 Ali
salaam! I hv n97 mini in a mint condition scratchless.. Imported from UK.. I want to sell it. With box and all accesories... My demand 24k... Negotiable.. Only serious buyers contact. my no. 03339620685.. Irfan from peshawar
23-12-2009 irfan
Hello guys! I HAve A brother and an uncle in UK I asked Both For new Mobs so 1Brght me a Nokia 97mini and other 1 was iPhone 3GS. I have both but i like the iPhone and i want to Sell it with Box and all things. Demand 30K Seriouse buyers can call me on 0321-9862919 sms me 24/7(Lahore, Islamabad And Pesh), Take Care Bye
22-12-2009

Electronic Dictionary / Atlas

2009-12-25T20:50:00.000-08:00

Electronic Dictionary / Atlas

(Speak Arabic, English, French & German) Real Human Voice English <-> English (Collins Dictionaries) English -> Arabic (Encyclopedic Dictionary) Arabic -> English (Atlas Modern Dictionary) Français-Arabe (Atlas Dictionnaire Moderne) Deutsch-Arabisches (Wörterbuch Erste Edition ©) Grammar: This application can help the user to learn English, Arabic and French grammar separately to pass the most difficult qualification and admission language tests. Language: Presents the most used vocabulary in English language and their Arabic meanings. New and useful applications are introduced as: Twelve languages dialog, interactive English and animated phrases to improve the user's language through reading and listening interactively. Phrasal verbs and idioms are added to be a helpful aid for English language learners to form correct phrases and sentences. Teach Yourself English: Most users can achieve their goal to learn English language through an academic course supported with level tests and advanced interactive language communication and pronunciation applications. English & Arabic Grammar: This application can help the user to learn English and Arabic grammar separately to pass the most difficult qualification and admission language tests. Miscellaneous: Miscellaneous application contains many useful operations such as date, time and local city, prayer times, daily alarm and many others. Multimedia: containing MP3 player, Video player, Text reader, e-book and recorder. Customized interface colors. Games: A lot of edutainment games. Photo album. PC Link and synchronization. Memory: The huge memory embedded inside the device "300 mega byte" along with the additional SD memory card enable the user to store all kinds of data files such as e-books, pictures, movies and all other data files. Display: The user will enjoy the latest colourful easy to use desktop user interface and will view pictures and movies on the 3.2" TFT true color LCD. 320 x 240 dots. Device Dimensions: W124 x H84 x D20.9 mm. Rechargeable battery (Lithium Ion 3.7V /700 mAh).

Q-Mark LFK404 Electric Wall Heater.

2009-12-23T01:57:00.000-08:00

Q-Mark LFK404 Electric Wall Heater.

If you are looking for a heater with a beautiful Northern white louvered cover and a three piece construction that makes for easy installation look no further than the Q-Mark LFK404 Electric Wall Heater. The rugged stamped steel front cover provides a down-flow air pattern and is finished in Navajo white. There is a hole plug that is there to prevent tampering with the installation. Uniform heat and long service life is provided by the steel finned metal sheath electric heating elements with low sheath temperature.

The Q-Mark LFK404 Electric Wall Heater is a high capacity, heavy-duty fan-forced wall heater. It can be used almost anywhere in residential, commercial or industrial areas and perform well in motels, entryways, playrooms, basements, workshops, garages, stores and other large areas.

A two pole thermostat is included with the LFK404 electric wall heater so that you are able to turn the heater all the way off. There is also a built-in thermal cut out that disconnects power in event of overheating due to accidental blockage and a fan delay switch that energizes the fan only after the elements are heated to prevent unheated air from being discharged. The fan motor is also only de-energized after the residual heat has dissipated when the heat is shut off. The fan motor is permanently lubricated and totally enclosed to ensure long life, low maintenance and gently distribute warmth throughout room area.

Features and Specifications:

* Model: Q-Mark LFK404
* Product Type: Electric Wall Heater
* Weight: 21 lbs.
* Dimensions: 19'' x 16'' x 5.5''
* Wall Cutout: 18'' x 14.5'' x 4''
* BTU Output: 10,239/13,652
* Amps: 14.4/16.7
* Watts: 3000/4000
* Volts: 240/208
* Coverage: Up to 400 Square Feet
* Two Heat Settings
* Three Piece Design
* Steel Finned Metal Sheath Electric Heating Elements
* Rugged Stamped Steel Cover Panel
* Northern White Louvered Cover
* Navajo White Finish
* Hole Plug For Tamper-Resistant Installation
* Integral Double-Pole Thermostat
* Thermal Safety Switch
* Fan Delay Switch
* Can Be Recessed in Wall or Surface Mounted
* Permanently Lubricated Totally Enclosed Fan Motor

Benefits:

* Includes hole plug to prevent tampering.
* Has a built-in thermal cutout.
* Has a three piece design for easy installation.

Real Customer Testimonials
"The LFK404 works great. It is easy to operate, gives off even consisten heat and exceeded my expectation for an easy product to install and operate. The white enamal finish and plain grill front help it blend in with the wall."
-J. Bilder - Chicago, IL
Featured Products You May Also Be Interested In:

Vornado AVH2 electric space heater

2009-12-23T01:54:00.000-08:00

Vornado AVH2 electric space heater

Beat the chill of winter with the energy-efficient, yet powerful Vornado AVH2 electric space heater. Featured on several online "Green Living" magazines as one of the hottest eco-friendly products for this season, this electric space heater not only keeps you warm, but it also helps you save money on those sky-high energy bills!

Unlike conventional electric space heaters which only heat the space directly in front of the unit, the Vornado AVH2 utilizes Vornado's own patented Vortex action technology to produce up to 5,122 BTUs of warm, soothing heat and to fully circulate and distribute this heat evenly throughout your room. An advanced automatic climate control system also continuously adjusts the heat output and fan speed in order to maintain a constant temperature. As a result, you'll no longer have to experience annoying hot or cold cycles and subsequent energy waste.

Other great features found in the Vornado AVH2 electric space heater include a cool touch cabinet and grill; easy-to-use controls; a non-glowing heating element that makes the unit safe to use around children or pets; and several safety features such as a safety tip-over switch and automatic overheat protection.

Features and Specifications:

* Product Type: Portable electric space heater
* Product Dimensions: 11.87" (H) x 9.5" (W) x 11.75" (D)
* Product Weight: 6 pounds
* Product Color: Black
* Blade Length: 7"
* Number of Heat Settings: 2
* Coverage Area: Large Room - 16 x 16 feet with 8 foot ceilings
* Amps: 12.5 / 6.25
* Watts: 1500 / 800
* BTUs (High): 5,122 Consumption/Hour on High Heat at max temperature
* BTUs (Low): 2,559 Consumption/Hour on Low Heat at max temperature
* Warranty: Manufacturer's 1-year warranty
* Easy-to-use controls for convenient operation
* Cool touch cabinet and grill
* Whisper-quiet operation
* Features a non-glowing heating element that's safe to use around children and pets
* Extremely energy efficient -- eliminates heat loss and hot/cold cycles
* Includes advanced safety features such as automatic tip-over and overheat protection
* Automatic climate control keeps consistent temperature at all times
* Compact and lightweight -- weighs only six pounds!
* Generates just the right amount of heat
* Perfect for larger areas up to 256 square feet
*

Benefits:

* Automatic climate control adjusts the heat output to maintain your set temperature
* Vortex action fully circulates warmth throughout your room
* Features cool touch cabinet and grill

Real Customer Testimonials
"The fact that it was an eco-friendly heating unit. It was small, quiet and the front didn't heat up to the point of not being able to touch or move the unit while in use. It's an amazing product! It heats my room quickly and efficiently. I didn't think it was the most attractive design, but I did appreciate how small and compact it was and it was very easy to use. I would definitely recommend this product to others because of the eco-friendly nature of the product. Also, it just works so well. It heats quickly, quietly and has an auto adjust for the temperature that you set. So it never gets too hot in the middle of the night!"
5 out of 5.
T. Viera - Studio City, CA
02-23-2009

"We wanted an electric space heater that would circulate the air. We have vaulted ceilings and ceramic tile floors throughout our house so it is hard to heat evenly. Our Vornado electric space heater is performing well. It heats a large open living room-dining room with a vaulted ceiling nicely with a gentle even heat. We like how light and portable the Vornado space heater is. It is very compact and unobtrusive looking in the room. We would recommend the Vornado space heater. It is well worth the money. I have chemical sensitivities and some electric space heaters cause me to have a reaction. The Vornado doesn't give me any problems."
4.5 out of 5.
K. Gould - Austin, TX
12-17-2008
Featured Products You May Also Be Interested In:

DeLonghi SFG1031 Electric Fireplace Heater with Dial Thermostat Overview - Compare prices - Reviews

2009-12-23T01:52:00.000-08:00

DeLonghi SFG1031 Electric Fireplace Heater with Dial Thermostat

Overview - Compare prices - Reviews

Add a warmth and elegance to any room in your home with the SFG1031 portable electric fireplace heater by DeLonghi. This vent-free system provides gentle, fan-forced heat and gives you the beauty of a wood-burning stove without any of the mess or hassle. Boasting all-metal construction with an antique grey finish, the DeLonghi SFG1031 electric stove heater is sure to complement any decor. The all-seasons flame is realistic and can be enjoyed without having the heater on. Premium decorated coals offer a stylish alternative to unrealistic-looking logs used in many other competing units. The SFG1031 includes an easy-to-use

Printer (computing)

2009-11-09T05:36:00.000-08:00

Printer (computing)

In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a hard copy (permanent readable text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies. Many printers are primarily used as local peripherals, and are attached by a printer cable or, in most newer printers, a USB cable to a computer which serves as a document source. Some printers, commonly known as network printers, have built-in network interfaces (typically wireless and/or Ethernet), and can serve as a hardcopy device for any user on the network. Individual printers are often designed to support both local and network connected users at the same time. In addition, a few modern printers can directly interface to electronic media such as memory sticks or memory cards, or to image capture devices such as digital cameras, scanners; some printers are combined with a scanners and/or fax machines in a single unit, and can function as photocopiers. Printers that include non-printing features are sometimes called Multifunction printers (MFP), Multi-Function Devices (MFD), or All-In-One (AIO) printers. Most MFPs include printing, scanning, and copying among their features.

A Virtual printer is a piece of computer software whose user interface and API resemble that of a printer driver, but which is not connected with a physical computer printer.

Printers are designed for low-volume, short-turnaround print jobs; requiring virtually no setup time to achieve a hard copy of a given document. However, printers are generally slow devices (30 pages per minute is considered fast; and many inexpensive consumer printers are far slower than that), and the cost per page is actually relatively high. However this is offset by the on-demand convenience and project management costs being more controllable compared to an out-sourced solution. The printing press naturally remains the machine of choice for high-volume, professional publishing. However, as printers have improved in quality and performance, many jobs which used to be done by professional print shops are now done by users on local printers; see desktop publishing. The world's first computer printer was a 19th century mechanically driven apparatus invented by Charles Babbage for his Difference Engine.[1]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Printing technology
* 2 Modern print technology
o 2.1 Toner-based printers
o 2.2 Liquid inkjet printers
o 2.3 Solid ink printers
o 2.4 Dye-sublimation printers
o 2.5 Inkless printers
+ 2.5.1 Thermal printers
+ 2.5.2 UV printers
* 3 Obsolete and special-purpose printing technologies
o 3.1 Typewriter-derived printers
o 3.2 Teletypewriter-derived printers
o 3.3 Daisy wheel printers
o 3.4 Dot-matrix printers
o 3.5 Line printers
o 3.6 Pen-based plotters
* 4 Sales
* 5 Other printers
* 6 Printing mode
* 7 Monochrome, color and photo printers
* 8 The printer manufacturing business
* 9 Printing speed
* 10 See also
* 11 References

[edit] Printing technology

Printers are routinely classified by the underlying print technology they employ; numerous such technologies have been developed over the years. The choice of print engine has a substantial effect on what jobs a printer is suitable for, as different technologies are capable of different levels of image/text quality, print speed, low cost, noise; in addition, some technologies are inappropriate for certain types of physical media (such as carbon paper or transparencies).

Another aspect of printer technology that is often forgotten is resistance to alteration: liquid ink such as from an inkjet head or fabric ribbon becomes absorbed by the paper fibers, so documents printed with a liquid ink sublimation printer are more difficult to alter than documents printed with toner or solid inks, which do not penetrate below the paper surface.

Checks should either be printed with liquid ink or on special "check paper with toner anchorage".[1] For similar reasons carbon film ribbons for IBM Selectric typewriters bore labels warning against using them to type negotiable instruments such as checks. The machine-readable lower portion of a check, however, must be printed using MICR toner or ink. Banks and other clearing houses employ automation equipment that relies on the magnetic flux from these specially printed characters to function properly.
[edit] Modern print technology

The following printing technologies are routinely found in modern printers:
[edit] Toner-based printers
Main article: Laser printer

Toner-based printers work using the Xerographic principle that is used in most photocopiers: by adhering toner to a light-sensitive print drum, then using static electricity to transfer the toner to the printing medium to which it is fused with heat and pressure.

The most common type of toner-based printer is the laser printer, which uses precision lasers to cause toner adherence. Laser printers are known for high quality prints, good print speed, and a low (Black and White) cost-per-copy. They are the most common printer for many general-purpose office applications, but are much less common as consumer printers due to their high initial cost — although this cost is dropping.

Laser printers are available in both color and monochrome varieties.

Another toner based printer is the LED printer which uses an array of LEDs instead of a laser to cause toner adhesion to the print drum.

Recent research has also indicated that Laser printers emit potentially dangerous ultrafine particles, possibly causing health problems associated with respiration [1] and cause pollution equivalent to cigarettes.[2] The degree of particle emissions varies with age, model and design of each printer but is generally proportional to the amount of toner required. Furthermore, a well ventilated workspace would allow such ultrafine particles to disperse thus reducing the health side effects.
[edit] Liquid inkjet printers

Inkjet printers operate by propelling variably-sized droplets of liquid or molten material (ink) onto almost any sized page. They are the most common type of computer printer for the general consumer.
[edit] Solid ink printers
Main article: Solid ink

Solid Ink printers, also known as phase-change printers, are a type of thermal transfer printer. They use solid sticks of CMYK colored ink (similar in consistency to candle wax), which are melted and fed into a piezo crystal operated print-head. The printhead sprays the ink on a rotating, oil coated drum. The paper then passes over the print drum, at which time the image is transferred, or transfixed, to the page.

Solid ink printers are most commonly used as color office printers, and are excellent at printing on transparencies and other non-porous media. Solid ink printers can produce excellent results. Acquisition and operating costs are similar to laser printers. Drawbacks of the technology include high power consumption and long warm-up times from a cold state.

Also, some users complain that the resulting prints are difficult to write on (the wax tends to repel inks from pens), and are difficult to feed through Automatic Document Feeders, but these traits have been significantly reduced in later models. In addition, this type of printer is only available from one manufacturer, Xerox, manufactured as part of their Xerox Phaser office printer line is also available by various Xerox concessionaires[2].[3] Previously, solid ink printers were manufactured by Tektronix, but Tek sold the printing business to Xerox in 2001.
[edit] Dye-sublimation printers
Main article: Dye-sublimation printer

A dye-sublimation printer (or dye-sub printer) is a printer which employs a printing process that uses heat to transfer dye to a medium such as a plastic card, paper or canvas. The process is usually to lay one color at a time using a ribbon that has color panels. Dye-sub printers are intended primarily for high-quality color applications, including color photography; and are less well-suited for text. While once the province of high-end print shops, dye-sublimation printers are now increasingly used as dedicated consumer photo printers.
[edit] Inkless printers
[edit] Thermal printers
Main article: Thermal printer

Thermal printers work by selectively heating regions of special heat-sensitive paper. Monochrome thermal printers are used in cash registers, ATMs, gasoline dispensers and some older inexpensive fax machines. Colors can be achieved with special papers and different temperatures and heating rates for different colors. One example is the ZINK technology.
[edit] UV printers

Xerox is working on an inkless printer which will use a special reusable paper coated with a few micrometres of UV light sensitive chemicals. The printer will use a special UV light bar which will be able to write and erase the paper. As of early 2007 this technology is still in development and the text on the printed pages can only last between 16–24 hours before fading.[4]
[edit] Obsolete and special-purpose printing technologies

The following technologies are either obsolete, or limited to special applications though most were, at one time, in widespread use.

Impact printers rely on a forcible impact to transfer ink to the media, similar to the action of a typewriter. All but the dot matrix printer rely on the use of formed characters, letterforms that represent each of the characters that the printer was capable of printing. In addition, most of these printers were limited to monochrome printing in a single typeface at one time, although bolding and underlining of text could be done by overstriking, that is, printing two or more impressions in the same character position. Impact printers varieties include, Typewriter-derived printers, Teletypewriter-derived printers, Daisy wheel printers, Dot matrix printers and Line printers. Dot matrix printers remain in common use in businesses where multi-part forms are printed, such as car rental service counters. An overview of impact printing [5] contains a detailed description of many of the technologies used.

Pen-based plotters were an alternate printing technology once common in engineering and architectural firms. Pen-based plotters rely on contact with the paper (but not impact, per se), and special purpose pens that are mechanically run over the paper to create text and images.
[edit] Typewriter-derived printers
Main articles: Friden Flexowriter and IBM Selectric typewriter

Several different computer printers were simply computer-controllable versions of existing electric typewriters. The Friden Flexowriter and IBM Selectric typewriter were the most-common examples. The Flexowriter printed with a conventional typebar mechanism while the Selectric used IBM's well-known "golf ball" printing mechanism. In either case, the letter form then struck a ribbon which was pressed against the paper, printing one character at a time. The maximum speed of the Selectric printer (the faster of the two) was 15.5 characters per second.
[edit] Teletypewriter-derived printers
Main article: Teleprinter

The common teleprinter could easily be interfaced to the computer and became very popular except for those computers manufactured by IBM. Some models used a "typebox" that was positioned (in the X- and Y-axes) by a mechanism and the selected letter from was struck by a hammer. Others used a type cylinder in a similar way as the Selectric typewriters used their type ball. In either case, the letter form then struck a ribbon to print the letterform. Most teleprinters operated at ten characters per second although a few achieved 15 CPS.
[edit] Daisy wheel printers
Main article: Daisy wheel printer

Daisy-wheel printers operate in much the same fashion as a typewriter. A hammer strikes a wheel with petals (the daisy wheel), each petal containing a letter form at its tip. The letter form strikes a ribbon of ink, depositing the ink on the page and thus printing a character. By rotating the daisy wheel, different characters are selected for printing.

These printers were also referred to as letter-quality printers because, during their heyday, they could produce text which was as clear and crisp as a typewriter (though they were nowhere near the quality of printing presses). The fastest letter-quality printers printed at 30 characters per second.
[edit] Dot-matrix printers
Main article: Dot matrix printer

In the general sense many printers rely on a matrix of pixels, or dots, that together form the larger image. However, the term dot matrix printer is specifically used for impact printers that use a matrix of small pins to create precise dots. The advantage of dot-matrix over other impact printers is that they can produce graphical images in addition to text; however the text is generally of poorer quality than impact printers that use letterforms (type).
A Tandy 1000 HX with a Tandy DMP-133 dot-matrix printer.

Dot-matrix printers can be broadly divided into two major classes:

* Ballistic wire printers (discussed in the dot matrix printers article)
* Stored energy printers

Dot matrix printers can either be character-based or line-based (that is, a single horizontal series of pixels across the page), referring to the configuration of the print head.

At one time, dot matrix printers were one of the more common types of printers used for general use — such as for home and small office use. Such printers would have either 9 or 24 pins on the print head. 24-pin print heads were able to print at a higher quality. Once the price of inkjet printers dropped to the point where they were competitive with dot matrix printers, dot matrix printers began to fall out of favor for general use.

Some dot matrix printers, such as the NEC P6300, can be upgraded to print in color. This is achieved through the use of a four-color ribbon mounted on a mechanism (provided in an upgrade kit that replaces the standard black ribbon mechanism after installation) that raises and lowers the ribbons as needed. Color graphics are generally printed in four passes at standard resolution, thus slowing down printing considerably. As a result, color graphics can take up to four times longer to print than standard monochrome graphics, or up to 8-16 times as long at high resolution mode.

Dot matrix printers are still commonly used in low-cost, low-quality applications like cash registers, or in demanding, very high volume applications like invoice printing. The fact that they use an impact printing method allows them to be used to print multi-part documents using carbonless copy paper (like sales invoices and credit card receipts), whereas other printing methods are unusable with paper of this type. Dot-matrix printers are now (as of 2005) rapidly being superseded even as receipt printers.
[edit] Line printers
Main article: Line printer

Line printers, as the name implies, print an entire line of text at a time. Three principal designs existed. In drum printers, a drum carries the entire character set of the printer repeated in each column that is to be printed. In chain printers (also known as train printers), the character set is arranged multiple times around a chain that travels horizontally past the print line. In either case, to print a line, precisely timed hammers strike against the back of the paper at the exact moment that the correct character to be printed is passing in front of the paper. The paper presses forward against a ribbon which then presses against the character form and the impression of the character form is printed onto the paper.

Comb printers represent the third major design. These printers were a hybrid of dot matrix printing and line printing. In these printers, a comb of hammers printed a portion of a row of pixels at one time (for example, every eighth pixel). By shifting the comb back and forth slightly, the entire pixel row could be printed (continuing the example, in just eight cycles). The paper then advanced and the next pixel row was printed. Because far less motion was involved than in a conventional dot matrix printer, these printers were very fast compared to dot matrix printers and were competitive in speed with formed-character line printers while also being able to print dot-matrix graphics.

Line printers were the fastest of all impact printers and were used for bulk printing in large computer centres. They were virtually never used with personal computers and have now been replaced by high-speed laser printers.

Line printers, better known as linematrix printers are widely used in the automotive, logistic and banking world for high speed and barcode printing. They are known as robust and durable printers that have the lowest price per page (form). Companies as Printronix Inc. and TallyGenicom are the leading manufactures today.

The legacy of line printers lives on in many computer operating systems, which use the abbreviations "lp", "lpr", or "LPT" to refer to printers.
[edit] Pen-based plotters
Main article: Plotter

A plotter is a vector graphics printing device which operates by moving a pen over the surface of paper. Plotters have been (and still are) used in applications such as computer-aided design, though they are being replaced with wide-format conventional printers (which nowadays have sufficient resolution to render high-quality vector graphics using a rasterized print engine). It is commonplace to refer to such wide-format printers as "plotters", even though such usage is technically incorrect.
[edit] Sales

Since 2005, the world's top selling brand of inkjet and laser printers has been HP which now has 46% of sales in inkjet and 50.5% in laser printers. [3]

[edit] Other printers

A number of other sorts of printers are important for historical reasons, or for special purpose uses:

* Digital minilab (photographic paper)
* Electrolytic printers
* Spark printer
* Barcode printer multiple technologies, including: thermal printing, inkjet printing, and laser printing barcodes
* Billboard / sign paint spray printers
* Laser etching (product packaging) industrial printers
* Microsphere (special paper)

[edit] Printing mode

The data received by a printer may be:

1. a string of characters
2. a bitmapped image
3. a vector image

Some printers can process all three types of data, others not.

* Character Printers (such as Daisy wheel printers) can handle only plain text data or rather simple point plots.
* Pen Plotters typically process vector images. Inkjet based Plotters can adequately reproduce all three.
* Modern printing technology, such as laser printers and inkjet printers, can adequately reproduce all three. This is especially true of printers equipped with support for PostScript and/or PCL; which includes the vast majority of printers produced today.

Today it is common to print everything (even plain text) by sending ready bitmapped images to the printer, because it allows better control over formatting. Many printer drivers do not use the text mode at all, even if the printer is capable of it.
[edit] Monochrome, color and photo printers
Main article: Photo printer

A monochrome printer can only produce an image consisting of one color, usually black. A monochrome printer may also be able to produce various tones of that color, such as a grey-scale.

A color printer can produce images of multiple colors.

A photo printer is a color printer that can produce images that mimic the color range (gamut) and resolution of photographic methods of printing. Many can be used autonomously (without a computer), with a memory card or USB connector.
[edit] The printer manufacturing business

Often the razor and blades business model is applied. That is, a company may sell a printer at cost, and make profits on the ink cartridge, paper, or some other replacement part. This has caused legal disputes regarding the right of companies other than the printer manufacturer to sell compatible ink cartridges. To protect the razor and blades business model several manufacturers invest heavily in developing new cartridge technology and patenting it.

Other manufacturers, in reaction to the challenges from using this business model, choose to make more money on printers and less on the ink, promoting the latter through their advertising campaigns. Finally, this generates two clearly different proposals: "cheap printer — expensive ink" or "expensive printer — cheap ink". Ultimately, the consumer decision depends on their reference interest rate or their time preference. From an Economics viewpoint, there is a clear trade-off between cost per copy and cost of the printer[6].
[edit] Printing speed

The speed of early printers was measured in units of characters per second. More modern printers are measured in pages per minute. These measures are used primarily as a marketing tool, and are not well standardised. Usually pages per minute refers to sparse monochrome office documents, rather than dense pictures which usually print much more slowly. PPM are most of the time referring to A4 paper in Europe and Letter (paper size) paper in the US, resulting in a 5-10% difference.
[edit] See also

Nokia 6700 classic

2009-11-09T05:33:00.000-08:00

Nokia 6700 classic

Whats New? Nokia 6700 classic - The essentials of style
Discover the Nokia 6700 classic: a reliable, intuitive phone that keeps you close to the people that matter. Classic design meets proven technology. Nokia 6700 classic is a stylish and functional device that lets you take excellent pictures, and helps you to find your location, with Nokia 6700 classic browse the web faster, and be heard more clearly. Nokia 6700 classic is the the essentials of style
Dimension 109.8 x 45 x 11.2 mm, 46.5 cc
Weight 116.5 g
Battery Talk time Up to 5 h, Stand-by Up to 300 h, Music play Up to 20 h
OS Series 40
Memory 170 MB built-in + 1GB microSD Card included (supports up to 16GB)
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.1, USB, GPRS Class 32, HSCSD, EDGE Class 32, 3G (HSDPA 10 Mbps, HSUPA 2 Mbps)
Display Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.2 inches (Accelerometer sensor)
Display Colour TFT, 16M colors (Content Adaptive Brightness Control - CABC)
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 900 / 1900 / 2100)
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML
Colors Silver metallic, Matte metallic, Black metallic
Entertainment Stereo FM radio with RDS, MP3/M4A/AAC/eAAC+/WMA player, Flash Lite 3, Games (3 built-in + Downloadable), Nokia Media Player
Camera 5 MP, 2592x1944 pixels, 4x Digital Zoom, autofocus, LED flash, Video (VGA 15fps)
Other Features GPS + A-GPS support, Nokia Maps, Speakerphone, Voice command/dial,
Ring Tones Downloadable Polyphonic, MP3, Video ringtones (2 built-in Video tones)
Messaging SMS, MMS 1.3 (up to 600KB), Email, IM
Price Price in Rs: 21,500 Price in USD: $269

Per ye bat b such hai yaro

2009-11-09T05:29:00.000-08:00

Per ye bat b such hai yaro

Whats New? Nokia 5730 XpressMusic - Play. Share. Chat.
Play music, play games, share media, Nokia 5730 XpressMusic has everything you need for music, sharing and messaging on the go. Nokia 5730 XpressMusic includes a high quality camera, dedicated music keys and a full side-slide keyboard. Enjoy a rich music experience with Nokia 5730 XpressMusic through any headphones using 3.5 mm AV plug, or get a big sound from the built-in speaker. Take on multiple players in the N-Gage Arena. Then follow up your games & share your media on social networking sites. Nokia 5730 XpressMusic - share the excitement!
Dimension 112 x 51 x 15.4 mm
Weight 135 g
Battery Talk time Up to 5 h, Stand-by Up to 300 h, Music play Up to 25 h
OS Symbian OS, S60 rel. 3.2
Memory 100 MB Built-in, 128 MB RAM + 8GB microSD Card included (Supports up to 16GB)
Processor ARM 11 369 MHz
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, GPRS Class 32, HSCSD, EDGE Class 32 (296 / 178.8 kbits), 3G (HSDPA 3.6 Mbps), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g, UPnP)
Display Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.4 inches (Full QWERTY keyboard + Accelerometer sensor )
Display Colour TFT, 16M colors (3D engine)
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 900 / 1900 / 2100)
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML
Colors Red, Monochrome, Blue, Pink
Entertainment Stereo FM radio with RDS, Nokia Say and Play (voice control to music player), 3.5 mm audio jack, MP3/WMA/WAV/RA/AAC/M4A music player, WMV/RV/MP4/3GP video player, Games (N-gage + downloadable)
Camera 3.15 MP, 2048x1536 pixels, Carl Zeiss optics, autofocus, 8x digital zoom, LED flash, Video (VGA 30fps), 2ndary videocall camera
Other Features GPS + A-GPS support, Nokia Maps, Dedicated music keys, Speakerphone,
Ring Tones Downloadable polyphonic, MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email
Price Price in Rs: 23,500 Price in USD: $294

V 305 All one printer

2009-11-01T06:02:00.000-08:00

V 305 All one printer

None
Dell V305 High Yield Black Ink Cartridge [add $20]
Dell V305 High Yield Color Ink Cartridge [add $27]
Dell V305 Standard Black Ink Cartridge [add $16]
Dell V305 Standard Color Ink Cartridge [add $20]
Dell V305 Photo Ink Cartridge [add $27]

Nokia N81 8GB

2009-11-01T05:53:00.000-08:00

Nokia N81 8GB

Whats New? Entertainment. The next episode.
Easy to get into and hard to put down, up to 8GB of the best media music and N-Gage games you can fit in your hand.
Dimension 102 x 50 x 17.9 mm, 86 cc
Weight 140 g
Battery Talk time Up to 4 h, Stand-by Up to 410 h
OS Symbian OS 9.2, Series 60 v3.1 UI
Memory 8 GB internal flash memory, 96 MB SDRAM memory (No Memory Card Slot)
Processor ARM 11 369 MHz
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, USB, GPRS Class 10 (48 kbps), HSCSD, EDGE, 3G (384 kbps), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11b/g with UPnP)
Display Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.4 inches (Navi wheel interface)
Display Colour TFT, 16M colors
Operating
Frequency / Band UMTS / GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML
Colors Cocoa brown
Entertainment MP3/AAC/MPEG4 player, Rotating gallery with Navi wheel, Stereo FM Radio, 3.5 mm audio output jack, Games (builtin + downloadable), Push to talk
Camera 2 MP, 1600x1200 pixels, video(VGA 15fps), flash; secondary CIF videocall camera
Ring Tones Polyphonic (64 channels), Monophonic, True Tones, MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging
Price Price in Rs: 29,500 Price in USD: $369

Nokia N95 8GB

2009-11-01T05:51:00.000-08:00

Nokia N95 8GB

Whats New? A new look. A bigger screen.
Up to 8GB of internal memory. The Nokia N95 8GB multimedia computer has more of what you're looking for. 5 megapixels, DVD-like quality video, Carl Zeiss Optics. Access your music, emails, plus advanced web browsing & integrated GPS & Nokia Maps. Upload photos instantly to Flickr, download videos with ease. It's what you need. It's where you are.
Dimension 99 x 53 x 21 mm, 96 cc
Weight 129 g
Battery Talk time Up to 6 h, Stand-by Up to 280 h
OS Symbian OS 9.2, S60 rel. 3.1
Memory 8 GB internal memory (No Memory Card Slot)
Connectivity Bluetooth, Infrared, USB, GPRS Class 32 (107 / 64.2 kbps), HSCSD, EDGE Class 32 (296 kbps; DTM Class 11, 177 kbps), 3G (HSDPA), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g, UPnP technology)
Display Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.8 inches
Display Colour TFT, 16M colors
Operating
Frequency / Band HSDPA / GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML
Colors Black
Entertainment MP3/AAC/AAC+/eAAC+/WMA player, 3.5 mm audio output jack, TV out, Stereo FM Radio, Games (downloadable), Dual slide design, Built-in GPS navigation (Installed Maps application covering over 100 countries), Push to talk
Camera 5 MP, 2592 x 1944 pixels, Carl Zeiss optics, autofocus, video(VGA 30fps), flash; secondary CIF videocall camera
Ring Tones Polyphonic (64 channels), Monophonic, True Tones, MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging
Price Price in Rs: 36,000 Price in USD: $450

Disclaimer. Prices are updated daily from local shops and dealers but we can not guarantee that the information on this page is 100% correct (Human error is possible), always visit your local shop for exact prices.

Nokia N95 8GB - user opinions and Nokia N95 8GB reviews
Hi! I have N95 8GB with complete accessories and box (Orange, without warranty), condition is as good as new. Demand 26000/- 0300-8211223
30-10-2009 Najeeb
hey if any one is interested in exchange of N95 8gb with Blackberry 8830 with set charger and original blackberry leather pouch can Contact 0345-5553663
28-10-2009 Ak
Assalam Alaikum! if anyone selling n95 classic in 11000 just sms me on number 03002039219 i am from quetta
28-10-2009 fahad
hey i have nokia n95 8gb with fll accessories no set can be repaired if any body want can sms 03219081778
26-10-2009 ahmed khan
if anyb body sale n95 in good condion then plz contac me 0321-4722850
25-10-2009 faisal

Nokia E90

2009-11-01T05:42:00.000-08:00

Nokia E90

Whats New? :::Symbian OS v9.2 S60 release 3.1, 330 Mhz ARM processor, Full QWERTY keyboard, GPS receiver (built-in maps)::: The Nokia E90 Communicator is a premium business device with high-speed mobile broadband and integrated mobile office that keeps you effective while on the move.
Dimension 132 x 57 x 20 mm, 140 cc
Weight 210 g
Battery Talk time Up to 5 h, Stand-by Up to 330 h
Memory 128 MB shared memory + Extendable (microSD TransFlash, hotswap)
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0, Infrared, USB, GPRS, HSCSD, EDGE, 3G (HSDPA, 3.6 Mbps), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11b/g)
Display Size 800 x 352 pixels (2nd external 240 x 320 pixels)
Display Colour TFT, 16M colors (2nd external 16M colors display)
Operating
Frequency / Band HSDPA / GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML
Entertainment MP3/M4A/AAC/eAAC+/WMA player, FM radio, Video calling, Photo/video editor, Games (Builtin + downloadable)
Camera 3.2 MP, 2048x1536 pixels, autofocus, video(VGA 30fps), flash; secondary QCIF videocall camera
Ring Tones Polyphonic (64 channels), MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging
Price Price in Rs: 52,000 Price in USD: $650

Disclaimer. Prices are updated daily from local shops and dealers but we can not guarantee that the information on this page is 100% correct (Human error is possible), always visit your local shop for exact prices.

Nokia E90 - user opinions and Nokia E90 reviews
Really awesome phone! Download its softwares from symbianzone.co.cc
01-11-2009 Hasan
I wana buy E90 in gud condition en il pay 15 to 18 thousands for it depend on condition..haseeb_but2005@yahoo.com
31-10-2009 Haseeb
i wana buy e 90 with out worrenty ste charger my range 18000 rzs contact me 03008218461 karachi pplz plz ../.
30-10-2009 junaid
i am from multan.i want to sale e90 without warrenty scratchless screen in 18 TH final .with box.bought it one yr ago condition 9/10.urgent going abroad. contact drnaveed84s@yahoo.com
28-10-2009 naveed
Any one intrested in Nokia N85 for exchange with E90. Plz contact on 0333 94 33 888 0312 45 33 999 0346 39 93 899
28-10-2009 Bashir

Nokia 6303 classic

2009-11-01T05:38:00.000-08:00

Nokia 6303 classic

General 2G Network GSM 900 / 1800 / 1900
Announced 2008, December
Status Available. Released 2009, May
Size Dimensions 108.8 x 46.2 x 11.7 mm, 57 cc
Weight 96 g
Display Type TFT, 16M colors
Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.2 inches
Sound Alert types Vibration; Downloadable polyphonic, MP3 ringtones
Speakerphone Yes
- 3.5 mm audio jack
Memory Phonebook 2000 entries, Photocall
Call records 20 dialed, 20 received, 20 missed calls
Internal 32 MB
Card slot microSD (TransFlash), up to 4GB, 1GB card included, buy memory
Data GPRS Class 32
HSCSD No
EDGE Class 32
3G No
WLAN No
Bluetooth Yes, v2.0
Infrared port No
USB Yes, microUSB
Camera Primary 3.15 MP, 2048x1536 pixels, autofocus, LED flash
Video Yes, VGA@15fps
Secondary No
Features Messaging SMS, MMS 1.3 (up to 600KB), Email, IM
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML
Radio Stereo FM radio with RDS
Games 4 + Downloadable
Colors Steel, Matt Black
GPS No
Java Yes, MIDP 2.0
- Flash Lite 3
- Nokia Maps
- MP3/AAC/eAAC player
- Voice memo
Battery Standard battery, Li-Ion 1050 mAh (BL-5CT)
Stand-by Up to 450 h
Talk time Up to 7 h
Misc Price group [About 150 EUR]

Disclaimer. We can not guarantee that the information on this page is 100% correct. Read more
Nokia 6303 classic - user opinions and reviews

* Anonymous

no, it is not dual camera or 3G. it is a light sensor to increase/decrease automatically for display's contrast depend on surrounding light condition!

* Reply
* 2009-10-28 12:52
* 2IJ%
* R

* dude

in headphones 6303 and 5130 is similar but in speakerphone 5130 is better

* Reply
* 2009-10-28 09:20
* 2@dc
* R

* Anonymous

how to use the maps in this set pl any one tell me plzzzzzz

* Reply
* 2009-10-28 07:34
* utpn

Nokia 2700 Classic

2009-11-01T05:30:00.000-08:00

Nokia 2700 Classic

View Photos
Phone Nokia 2700 Classic Manufacturer
Nokia Status Available Available in India Yes Price (Indian Rupees) Avg Current Market Price:Rs. 4469
Last Updated On:September 22 2009
Place : Chennai Delhi Kolkata Mumbai Price (USD) $91.95 approx Description This phone is real value for money as its very affordable yet not poor on features . Its got a 2 MP Camera , Music support and even a 3.5mm jack .. The display is a nice 2 inches and sports a 240x320 resolution . Memory is expandable by microSD card

Network
Technology / Frequency Bands GSM : 850/900/1800/1900 MHz

Battery
Type Li - Ion
Capacity 1020 mAh
Standby 288 hours
Talktime 360 mins

Built
Dimensions 109.2x46x14 mm
Weight 85 g
Antenna Type Internal
Form Factor bar
Dedicated Keys volume

Display
Size 240 x 320 pixels
Type color : TFT
Colors 262144 colors
Secondary Display no

Camera / Imaging / Video
Camera Yes Inbuilt
Resolution pixels
Image Formats JPEG
Resolutions Supported 1600x1200 pixels
Zoom yes 4x
Flash no
Video Recording yes Resolution :176x144 15 fps
Video Formats MPEG-4 / 3GPP H.263
Video Resolutions Supported 176x144 pixels
Features Self Timer, Sequence Mode
Secondary Camera no

Connectivity
Bluetooth Yes , version 2.0 + EDR
Irda No
Wlan/Wi-fi No
Pc Sync no
USB yes
GPS no

Data
Data Modes GPRS / EDGE (EGPRS)
GPRS Yes
EDGE Yes
3G No
Internet Browsing WAP 2.0 , Opera Mini

Media
Audio Playback Yes
Audio Formats AAC / AAC+ / eAAC+ / MP3 / MP4 / M4A / WMA / WAV / XMF / WB-AMR / NB-AMR
Video Playback Yes
Video Formats MPEG-4 / 3GPP H.263
Ringtones MP3
FM Radio Yes
3.5mm Headphone Jack yes

Memory
Inbuilt 32 MB
Memory Slot Yes microSD/TransFlash Expandable Upto : 2 GB
PhoneBook , Photo Caller

Messaging
SMS Yes
MMS Yes
Email Yes Protocols : IMAP/POP3/SMTP
Predictive Text Input T9

Calling / Voice
Voice Recording yes
Voice Commands yes
Vibration yes
Speaker yes

Software
Operating System
Nokia OS
Platform Series 40 5th Edition, Feature Pack 1
Java yes MIDP 2.1 CLDC 1.1
Flash Lite yes
Games yes -Rally Star - Soduko - Snake III

Panasonic Lumix GF1 Preview, September 2009 by Simon Joinson

2009-09-15T08:06:00.000-07:00

Panasonic Lumix GF1 Preview, September 2009
by Simon Joinson

Preview based on a production Panasonic Lumix DMC-GF1 with firmware v0.1

When Panasonic showed us the first Micro Four Thirds camera, the DMC-G1, our first question was 'why does it look like an SLR?'. We'd been hoping for a much more compact body, something that more effectively straddled the line between the convenience of a compact and the quality and versatility of a digital SLR. Well, a couple of months ago we were ushered into a private meeting with Panasonic to see the GF1, Panasonic's answer to all those critics who failed to see the point of Micro Four Thirds if it was simply going to ape conventional SLR styling.

And, once we'd been fully briefed on just how secret this all was (totally moot, as it transpires, since pictures of the GF1 were leaked and published extensively a couple of weeks later), we got our hands on what Panasonic hopes will be the camera to convince those put off by the limitations of the Olympus E-P1.

The GF1 is essentially a G1 (with a couple of GH1 features and the loss of a handful of scene modes) squashed into a body that's more or less the same size as the E-P1 - it occupies 35% less volume and is 26% lighter than the G1. It may lack the E-P1's cute-as-a-button retro styling but it does effectively answer the three main criticisms faced by the Olympus: the lack of built in flash (check), the lack of a viewfinder (there's an optional EVF) and the poor focus speed (it has the same impressive system as the other 'G' models). You don't get the E-P1's total compatibility (it currently won't focus any Four Thirds lens that doesn't currently offer live view AF on an Olympus SLR), but those lenses it will focus, it will focus a helluva lot faster.

The GF1 also answers the biggest criticism of the G1; the missing movie mode. Movie capture is increasingly common on mid-range DSLRs, and the lack of it on the G1 is all the more mystifying when you consider that it is built from the ground up as a live view camera (and the sensor can obviously do it). The GF1's 720P (AVCHD Lite or M-JPEG) movies can't match the GH1's 1080P capabilities (nor do you get stereo sound), but for the casual user they're more than enough, and they're a lot better than nothing.

The E-P1 looms large over any discussion of the GF1; rarely has a single model caused so much excitement - and fevered discussion - inside and outside the photographic community, with even Panasonic seemingly surprised by just how much press it's been getting (and doubtless kicking themselves for not getting there first).

Digital camera

2009-09-15T08:01:00.000-07:00

Digital camera

A digital camera (or digicam for short) is a camera that takes video or still photographs, or both, digitally by recording images via an electronic image sensor.
Front and back of a Canon PowerShot A95.

Many compact digital still cameras can record sound and moving video as well as still photographs. In the Western market, digital cameras outsell their 35 mm film counterparts.[1]

Digital cameras can do things film cameras cannot: displaying images on a screen immediately after they are recorded, storing thousands of images on a single small memory device, recording video with sound, and deleting images to free storage space. Some can crop pictures and perform other elementary image editing. Fundamentally they operate in the same manner as film cameras, typically using a lens with a variable diaphragm to focus light onto an image pickup device. The combination of the diaphragm and a shutter mechanism is used to admit the correct amount of light to the imager, just as with film; the only difference is that the image pickup device is electronic rather than chemical.

Digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones (called camera phones) to vehicles. The Hubble Space Telescope and other astronomical devices are essentially specialised digital camera

Compact digital cameras

Compact cameras are designed to be small and portable and are particularly suitable for casual and "snapshot" use, thus are also called point-and-shoot camera. The smallest, generally less than 20 mm thick, are described as subcompacts or "ultra-compacts". Compact cameras are usually designed to be easy to use, sacrificing advanced features and picture quality for compactness and simplicity; images can usually only be stored using lossy compression (JPEG). Most have a built-in flash usually of low power, sufficient for nearby subjects. Live preview is almost always used to frame the photo. They may have limited motion picture capability. Compacts often have macro capability, but if they have zoom capability the range is usually less than for bridge and DSLR cameras. Generally a contrast-detect autofocus system, using the image data from the live preview feed off the main imager, focuses the lens.

Typically, these cameras incorporate a nearly-silent leaf shutter into their lenses.

To enable lower costs and smaller size, these cameras typically use image sensors with a diagonal of approximately 6 mm, corresponding to a crop factor around 6. This gives them weaker low-light performance, greater depth of field, generally closer focusing ability, and smaller components than cameras using larger sensors.

[edit] Bridge cameras
Main article: Bridge digital camera

Bridge or SLR-like cameras are higher-end digital cameras that physically and ergonomically resemble DSLRs and share with them some advanced features, but share with compacts the use of a fixed lens and a small sensor. Like compacts, most use live preview to frame the image. Autofocus is achieved using the same contrast-detect mechanism, but many bridge cameras feature a manual focus mode for greater control.
Fujifilm FinePix S9000.

Due to the combination of large physical size but a small sensor, many of these cameras have very highly specified lenses with large zoom ranges and fast apertures, partially compensating for the inability to change lenses. A typical example is the lens on the Panasonic FZ50, a 35-420mm equivalent lens with an aperture of 1:2.8-3.7. To reduce aberrations in a lens with such ambitious specifications, these have quite complex constructions, using multiple aspheric elements and often anomalous-dispersion glass. To compensate for the reduced sensitivity of their small sensors, these cameras almost always include an image stabilization system of some kind to enable longer handheld exposures.

These cameras are sometimes marketed as and confused with digital SLR cameras since the appearance is similar. Bridge cameras lack the reflex viewing system of DSLRs, have so far been fitted with fixed (non-interchangeable) lenses (although in some cases accessory wide-angle or telephoto converters can be attached to the lens), can usually take movies with sound, and the scene is composed by viewing either the liquid crystal display or the electronic viewfinder (EVF). They are usually slower to operate than a true digital SLR, but they are capable of very good image quality (with sufficient light) while being more compact and lighter than DSLRs. The high-end models of this type have comparable resolutions to low and mid-range DSLRs. Many of these cameras can store images in lossless RAW format as an option to JPEG compression. The majority have a built-in flash similar to those found in DSLRs.

[edit] Digital single lens reflex cameras
Main article: Digital single-lens reflex camera

Digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLRs) are digital cameras based on film single-lens reflex cameras (SLRs). They take their name from their unique viewing system, in which a mirror reflects light from the lens through a separate optical viewfinder. In order to capture an image the mirror is flipped out of the way, allowing light to fall on the imager. Since no light reaches the imager during framing, autofocus is accomplished using specialized sensors in the mirror box itself. Most 21st century DSLRs also have a "live view" mode that emulates the live preview system of compact cameras, when selected.

These cameras have much larger sensors than the other types, typically 18 mm to 36 mm on the diagonal (crop factor 2, 1.6, or 1). This gives them superior low-light performance, less depth of field at a given aperture, and a larger size.

They make use of interchangeable lenses; each major DSLR manufacturer also sells a line of lenses specifically intended to be used on their cameras. This allows the user to select a lens designed for the application at hand: wide-angle, telephoto, low-light, etc. So each lens does not require its own shutter, DSLRs use a focal-plane shutter in front of the imager, behind the mirror.

The mirror flipping out of the way at the moment of exposure makes a distinctive "clack" sound.

[edit] Electronic viewfinder, interchangeable lens cameras
Main article: Micro Four Thirds

In late 2008 a new type of camera emerged, combining the larger sensors and interchangeable lenses of DSLRs with the live preview viewing system of compact cameras, either through an electronic viewfinder or on the rear LCD. These are simpler and more compact than DSLRs due to the removal of the mirror box, and typically emulate the handling and ergonomics of either DSLRs or compacts. As of 2009 the only such system is Micro Four Thirds, borrowing components from the Four Thirds DSLR system.

[edit] Digital rangefinders
Main article: Rangefinder camera#Digital rangefinder

A rangefinder is a user-operated optical mechanism to measure subject distance once widely used on film cameras. Most digital cameras measure subject distance automatically using acoustic or electronic techniques, but it is not customary to say that they have a rangefinder. The term rangefinder alone is sometimes used to mean a rangefinder camera, that is, a film camera equipped with a rangefinder, as distinct from an SLR or a simple camera with no way to measure distance.

[edit] Line-scan camera systems

A line-scan camera is a camera device containing a line-scan image sensor chip, and a focusing mechanism. These cameras are almost solely used in industrial settings to capture an image of a constant stream of moving material. Unlike video cameras, line-scan cameras use a single array of pixel sensors, instead of a matrix of them. Data coming from the line-scan camera has a frequency, where the camera scans a line, waits, and repeats. The data coming from the line-scan camera is commonly processed by a computer, to collect the one-dimensional line data and to create a two-dimensional image. The collected two-dimensional image data is then processed by image-processing methods for industrial purposes.

Line-scan technology is capable of capturing data extremely fast, and at very high image resolutions. Usually under these conditions, resulting collected image data can quickly exceed 100 MB in a fraction of a second. Line-scan-camera–based integrated systems, therefore are usually designed to streamline the camera's output in order to meet the system's objective, using computer technology which is also affordable.

Line-scan cameras intended for the parcel handling industry can integrate adaptive focusing mechanisms to scan six sides of any rectangular parcel in focus, regardless of angle, and size. The resulting 2-D captured images could contain, but are not limited to 1D and 2D barcodes, address information, and any pattern that can be processed via image processing methods. Since the images are 2-D, they are also human-readable and can be viewable on a computer screen. Advanced integrated systems include video coding and optical character recognition (OCR).

[edit] Integration

Many devices include digital cameras built into or integrated into them. For example, mobile phones often include digital cameras; those that do are sometimes known as camera phones. Other small electronic devices (especially those used for communication) such as PDAs, laptops and BlackBerry devices often contain an integral digital camera, as do some some digital camcorders.

Due to the limited storage capacity and general emphasis on convenience rather than image quality, the vast majority of these integrated or converged devices store images in the lossy but compact JPEG file format.

Mobile phones incorporating digital cameras were introduced in Japan in 2001 by J-Phone. In 2003 camera phones outsold stand-alone digital cameras, and in 2006 they outsold all film-based cameras and digital cameras combined. These camera phones reached a billion devices sold in only five years, and by 2007 more than half of the installed base of all mobile phones were camera phones.

Integrated cameras tend to be at the very lowest end of the scale of digital cameras in technical specifications, such as resolution, optical quality, and ability to use accessories. With rapid development, however, the gap between mainstream compact digital cameras and camera phones is closing, and high-end camera phones are competitive with low end stand-alone digital cameras of the same generation.

[edit] Conversion of film cameras to digital
Digital single-lens reflex camera

When digital cameras became common, a question many photographers asked was whether their film cameras could be converted to digital. The answer was yes and no. For the majority of 35 mm film cameras the answer is no, the reworking and cost would be too great, especially as lenses have been evolving as well as cameras. For most a conversion to digital, to give enough space for the electronics and allow a liquid crystal display to preview, would require removing the back of the camera and replacing it with a custom built digital unit.

Many early professional SLR cameras, such as the NC2000 and the Kodak DCS series, were developed from 35 mm film cameras. The technology of the time, however, meant that rather than being a digital "backs" the bodies of these cameras were mounted on large, bulky digital units, often bigger than the camera portion itself. These were factory built cameras, however, not aftermarket conversions.

A notable exception is the Nikon E2, a camera followed by Nikon E3, using additional optics to convert the 35mm format to a 2/3 CCD-sensor.

A few 35 mm cameras have had digital camera backs made by their manufacturer, Leica being a notable example. Medium format and large format cameras (those using film stock greater than 35 mm), have a low unit production, and typical digital backs for them cost over $10,000. These cameras also tend to be highly modular, with handgrips, film backs, winders, and lenses available separately to fit various needs.

The very large sensor these backs use leads to enormous image sizes. The largest in early 2006 is the Phase One's P45 39 MP imageback, creating a single TIFF image of size up to 224.6 MB. Medium format digitals are geared more towards studio and portrait photography than their smaller DSLR counterparts; the ISO speed in particular tends to have a maximum of 400, versus 6400 for some DSLR cameras.

[edit] History

[edit] Early development

The concept of digitizing images on scanners, and the concept of digitizing video signals, predate the concept of making still pictures by digitizing signals from an array of discrete sensor elements. Eugene F. Lally of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory described a mosaic photosensor at a 1961 space conference.[2]

Texas Instruments engineer Willis Adcock designed a filmless camera and applied for a patent in 1972, but it is not known whether it was ever built.[3] The first recorded attempt at building a digital camera was in 1975 by Steven Sasson, an engineer at Eastman Kodak.[4] It used the then-new solid-state CCD image sensor chips developed by Fairchild Semiconductor in 1973.[5] The camera weighed 8 pounds (3.6 kg), recorded black and white images to a cassette tape, had a resolution of 0.01 megapixels (10,000 pixels), and took 23 seconds to capture its first image in December 1975. The prototype camera was a technical exercise, not intended for production.

[edit] Analog electronic cameras
This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2009)

Handheld electronic cameras, in the sense of a device meant to be carried and used like a handheld film camera, appeared in 1981 with the demonstration of the Sony Mavica (Magnetic Video Camera). This is not to be confused with the later cameras by Sony that also bore the Mavica name. This was an analog camera, in that it recorded pixel signals continuously, as videotape machines did, without converting them to discrete levels; it recorded television-like signals to a 2 × 2 inch "video floppy".[6] In essence it was a video movie camera that recorded single frames, 50 per disk in field mode and 25 per disk in frame mode. The image quality was considered equal to that of then-current televisions.

Analog electronic cameras do not appear to have reached the market until 1986 with the Canon RC-701. Canon demonstrated a prototype of this model at the 1984 Summer Olympics, printing the images in the Yomiuri Shimbun, a Japanese newspaper. In the United States, the first publication to use these cameras for real reportage was USA Today, in its coverage of World Series baseball. Several factors held back the widespread adoption of analog cameras; the cost (upwards of $20,000), poor image quality compared to film, and the lack of quality affordable printers. Capturing and printing an image originally required access to equipment such as a frame grabber, which was beyond the reach of the average consumer. The "video floppy" disks later had several reader devices available for viewing on a screen, but were never standardized as a computer drive.

The early adopters tended to be in the news media, where the cost was negated by the utility and the ability to transmit images by telephone lines. The poor image quality was offset by the low resolution of newspaper graphics. This capability to transmit images without a satellite link was useful during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the first Gulf War in 1991.

US government agencies also took a strong interest in the still video concept, notably the US Navy for use as a real time air-to-sea surveillance system.

The first analog camera marketed to consumers may have been the Canon RC-250 Xapshot in 1988. A notable analog camera produced the same year was the Nikon QV-1000C, designed as a press camera and not offered for sale to general users, which sold only a few hundred units. It recorded images in greyscale, and the quality in newspaper print was equal to film cameras. In appearance it closely resembled a modern digital single-lens reflex camera. Images were stored on video floppy disks.

[edit] The arrival of true digital cameras
Nikon D1 digital camera of 1999

The first true digital camera that recorded images as a computerized file was likely the Fuji DS-1P of 1988, which recorded to a 16 MB internal memory card that used a battery to keep the data in memory. This camera was never marketed in the United States, and has not been confirmed to have shipped even in Japan.

The first commercially available digital camera was the 1990 Dycam Model 1; it also sold as the Logitech Fotoman. It used a CCD image sensor, stored pictures digitally, and connected directly to a computer for download.[7][8][9]

In 1991, Kodak brought to market the Kodak DCS-100, the beginning of a long line of professional Kodak DCS SLR cameras that were based in part on film bodies, often Nikons. It used a 1.3 megapixel sensor and was priced at $13,000.

The move to digital formats was helped by the formation of the first JPEG and MPEG standards in 1988, which allowed image and video files to be compressed for storage. The first consumer camera with a liquid crystal display on the back was the Casio QV-10 in 1995, and the first camera to use CompactFlash was the Kodak DC-25 in 1996.

The marketplace for consumer digital cameras was originally low resolution (either analog or digital) cameras built for utility. In 1997 the first megapixel cameras for consumers were marketed. The first camera that offered the ability to record video clips may have been the Ricoh RDC-1 in 1995.

1999 saw the introduction of the Nikon D1, a 2.74 megapixel camera that was the first digital SLR developed entirely by a major manufacturer, and at a cost of under $6,000 at introduction was affordable by professional photographers and high end consumers. This camera also used Nikon F-mount lenses, which meant film photographers could use many of the same lenses they already owned.

[edit] Image resolution

The resolution of a digital camera is often limited by the camera sensor (typically a CCD or CMOS sensor chip) that turns light into discrete signals, replacing the job of film in traditional photography. The sensor is made up of millions of "buckets" that essentially count the number of photons that strike the sensor. This means that the brighter the image at a given point on the sensor, the larger the value that is ready for that pixel. Depending on the physical structure of the sensor, a color filter array may be used which requires a demosaicing/interpolation algorithm. The number of resulting pixels in the image determines its "pixel count". For example, a 640x480 image would have 307,200 pixels, or approximately 307 kilopixels; a 3872x2592 image would have 10,036,224 pixels, or approximately 10 megapixels.

The pixel count alone is commonly presumed to indicate the resolution of a camera, but this is a misconception. There are several other factors that impact a sensor's resolution. Some of these factors include sensor size, lens quality, and the organization of the pixels (for example, a monochrome camera without a Bayer filter mosaic has a higher resolution than a typical color camera). Many digital compact cameras are criticized for having excessive pixels. Sensors can be so small that their 'buckets' can easily overfill; again, resolution of a sensor can become greater than the camera lens could possibly deliver.
Australian recommended retail price of Kodak digital cameras.

As the technology has improved, costs have decreased dramatically. Counting the "pixels per dollar" as a basic measure of value for a digital camera, there has been a continuous and steady increase in the number of pixels each dollar buys in a new camera, in accord with the principles of Moore's Law. This predictability of camera prices was first presented in 1998 at the Australian PMA DIMA conference by Barry Hendy and since referred to as "Hendy's Law".[10]

Since only a few aspect ratios are commonly used (especially 4:3 and 3:2), the number of sensor sizes that are useful is limited. Furthermore, sensor manufacturers do not produce every possible sensor size, but take incremental steps in sizes. For example, in 2007 the three largest sensors (in terms of pixel count) used by Canon were the 21.1, 16.6, and 12.8 megapixel CMOS sensors. The following is a table of sensors commercially used in digital cameras.

Width Height Aspect ratio Actual pixel count Megapixels Camera examples
320 240 4:3 aspect ratio 76,800 0.01 Steven Sasson Prototype (1975)
640 480 4:3 aspect ratio 307,200 0.3 Apple QuickTake 100 (1994)
832 608 4:3 aspect ratio 505,856 0.5 Canon Powershot 600 (1996)
1,024 768 4:3 aspect ratio 786,432 0.8 Olympus D-300L (1996)
1,280 960 4:3 aspect ratio 1,228,800 1.3 Fujifilm DS-300 (1997)
1,280 1,024 5:4 1,310,720 1.3 Fujifilm MX-700 / Leica Digilux (1998), Fujifilm MX-1700 (1999) / Leica Digilux Zoom (2000)
1,600 1,200 4:3 aspect ratio 1,920,000 2 Nikon Coolpix 950
2,012 1,324 3:2 aspect ratio 2,663,888 2.74 Nikon D1
2,048 1,536 4:3 aspect ratio 3,145,728 3 Canon PowerShot A75, Nikon Coolpix 995
2,272 1,704 4:3 aspect ratio 3,871,488 4 Olympus Stylus 410, Contax i4R (although CCD is actually square 2,272x2,272)
2,464 1,648 3:2 aspect ratio 4,060,672 4.1 Canon 1D
2,640 1,760 3:2 aspect ratio 4,646,400 × 3 4.7 × 3 (14.1 MP) Sigma SD14, Sigma DP1 (3 layers of pixels, 4.7 MP per layer, in Foveon X3 sensor)
2,560 1,920 4:3 aspect ratio 4,915,200 5 Olympus E-1, Sony Cyber-shot DSC-F707
2,816 2,112 4:3 aspect ratio 5,947,392 6 Olympus Stylus 600 Digital
3,008 2,000 3:2 aspect ratio 6,016,000 6 Nikon D40, D50, D70, D70s, Pentax K100D
3,072 2,048 3:2 aspect ratio 6,291,456 6.3 Canon 300D, Canon 10D
3,072 2,304 4:3 aspect ratio 7,077,888 7 Olympus FE-210
3,456 2,304 3:2 aspect ratio 7,962,624 8 Canon 350D
3,264 2,448 4:3 aspect ratio 7,990,272 8 Olympus E-500, Olympus SP-350, Canon PowerShot A720 IS
3,504 2,336 3:2 aspect ratio 8,185,344 8.2 Canon 30D, Canon 1D II, Canon 1D II N
3,520 2,344 3:2 aspect ratio 8,250,880 8.25 Canon 20D
3,648 2,736 4:3 aspect ratio 9,980,928 10 Olympus E-410, Olympus E-510, Panasonic FZ50
3,872 2,592 3:2 aspect ratio 10,036,224 10 Nikon D40x, Nikon D60, Nikon D200, Nikon D80, Pentax K10D, Sony Alpha A100
3,888 2,592 3:2 aspect ratio 10,077,696 10.1 Canon 400D, Canon 40D
4,064 2,704 3:2 aspect ratio 10,989,056 11 Canon 1Ds
4,000 3,000 4:3 aspect ratio 12,000,000 12 Canon Powershot G9, Fujifilm FinePix F100fd
4,032 3,024 4:3 aspect ratio 12,192,768 12.3 Olympus PEN E-P1
4,256 2,832 3:2 aspect ratio 12,052,992 12.1 Nikon D3, Nikon D700
4,272 2,848 3:2 aspect ratio 12,166,656 12.2 Canon 450D
4,288 2,848 3:2 aspect ratio 12,212,224 12.2 Nikon D2Xs/D2X, Nikon D300, Nikon D90
4,368 2,912 3:2 aspect ratio 12,719,616 12.7 Canon 5D
4,672 3,104 3:2 aspect ratio 14,501,888 14.5 Pentax K20D
4,992 3,328 3:2 aspect ratio 16,613,376 16.6 Canon 1Ds II
5,616 3,744 3:2 aspect ratio 21,026,304 21.0 Canon 1Ds III, Canon 5D Mark II
6,048 4,032 3:2 aspect ratio 24,385,536 24.4 Sony α 850, Sony α 900, Nikon D3X
7,500 5,000 3:2 aspect ratio 37,500,000 37.5 Leica S2
7,212 5,142 4:3 aspect ratio 39,031,344 39.0 Hasselblad H3DII-39
8,176 6,132 4:3 aspect ratio 50,135,232 50.1 Hasselblad H3DII-50
8,984 6,732 4:3 aspect ratio 60,480,288 60.5 Phase One P65+

[edit] Methods of image capture
At the heart of a digital camera is a CCD image sensor.
This digital camera is partly disassembled. The lens assembly (bottom right) is partially removed, but the sensor (top right) still captures a usable image, as seen on the LCD screen (bottom left).

Since the first digital backs were introduced, there have been three main methods of capturing the image, each based on the hardware configuration of the sensor and color filters.

The first method is often called single-shot, in reference to the number of times the camera's sensor is exposed to the light passing through the camera lens. Single-shot capture systems use either one CCD with a Bayer filter mosaic, or three separate image sensors (one each for the primary additive colors red, green, and blue) which are exposed to the same image via a beam splitter.

The second method is referred to as multi-shot because the sensor is exposed to the image in a sequence of three or more openings of the lens aperture. There are several methods of application of the multi-shot technique. The most common originally was to use a single image sensor with three filters (once again red, green and blue) passed in front of the sensor in sequence to obtain the additive color information. Another multiple shot method utilized a single CCD with a Bayer filter but actually moved the physical location of the sensor chip on the focus plane of the lens to "stitch" together a higher resolution image than the CCD would allow otherwise. A third version combined the two methods without a Bayer filter on the chip.

The third method is called scanning because the sensor moves across the focal plane much like the sensor of a desktop scanner. Their linear or tri-linear sensors utilize only a single line of photosensors, or three lines for the three colors. In some cases, scanning is accomplished by rotating the whole camera; a digital rotating line camera offers images of very high total resolution.

The choice of method for a given capture is determined largely by the subject matter. It is usually inappropriate to attempt to capture a subject that moves with anything but a single-shot system. However, the higher color fidelity and larger file sizes and resolutions available with multi-shot and scanning backs make them attractive for commercial photographers working with stationary subjects and large-format photographs.

Dramatic improvements in single-shot cameras and RAW image file processing at the beginning of the 21st century made single shot, CCD-based cameras almost completely dominant, even in high-end commercial photography. CMOS-based single shot cameras remained somewhat common.

[edit] Filter mosaics, interpolation, and aliasing
The Bayer arrangement of color filters on the pixel array of an image sensor.

In most current consumer digital cameras, a Bayer filter mosaic is used, in combination with an optical anti-aliasing filter to reduce the aliasing due to the reduced sampling of the different primary-color images. A demosaicing algorithm is used to interpolate color information to create a full array of RGB image data.

Cameras that use a beam-splitter single-shot 3CCD approach, three-filter multi-shot approach, or Foveon X3 sensor do not use anti-aliasing filters, nor demosaicing.

Firmware in the camera, or a software in a raw converter program such as Adobe Camera Raw, interprets the raw data from the sensor to obtain a full color image, because the RGB color model requires three intensity values for each pixel: one each for the red, green, and blue (other color models, when used, also require three or more values per pixel). A single sensor element cannot simultaneously record these three intensities, and so a color filter array (CFA) must be used to selectively filter a particular color for each pixel.

The Bayer filter pattern is a repeating 2×2 mosaic pattern of light filters, with green ones at opposite corners and red and blue in the other two positions. The high proportion of green takes advantage of properties of the human visual system, which determines brightness mostly from green and is far more sensitive to brightness than to hue or saturation. Sometimes a 4-color filter pattern is used, often involving two different hues of green. This provides potentially more accurate color, but requires a slightly more complicated interpolation process.

The color intensity values not captured for each pixel can be interpolated (or guessed) from the values of adjacent pixels which represent the color being calculated.

[edit] Connectivity

[edit] Saving photos

Many digital cameras can connect directly to a computer to transfer data:

* Early cameras used the PC serial port. USB is now the most widely used method (most cameras are viewable as USB mass storage), though some have a FireWire port. Some cameras use USB PTP mode for connection instead of USB MSC; some offer both modes.
* Other cameras use wireless connections, via Bluetooth or IEEE 802.11 WiFi, such as the Kodak EasyShare One.
* Cameraphones and some high-end stand-alone digital cameras also use cellular networks to connect for sharing images. The most common standard on cellular networks is the MMS MultiMedia Service, commonly called "picture messaging" which is used by 1.3 billion people. The second method on cellular networks is to send a picture as an email attachment. Only a small percentage of all cameraphones support email so this is not nearly as common.

A common alternative is the use of a card reader which may be capable of reading several types of storage media, as well as high speed transfer of data to the computer. Use of a card reader also avoids draining the camera battery during the download process, as the device takes power from the USB port. An external card reader allows convenient direct access to the images on a collection of storage media. But if only one storage card is in use, moving it back and forth between the camera and the reader can be inconvenient.

[edit] Printing photos

Many modern cameras support the PictBridge standard, which allows them to send data directly to a PictBridge-capable computer printer without the need for a computer.

Wireless connectivity can also provide for printing photos without a cable connection.

Polaroid has introduced a printer integrated into its digital camera which creates a small, printed copy of a photo. This is reminiscent of the original instant camera, popularized by Polaroid in 1975.[11]

[edit] Displaying photos

Many digital cameras include a video output port. Usually sVideo, it sends a standard-definition video signal to a television, allowing the user to show one picture at a time. Buttons or menus on the camera allow the user to select the photo, advance from one to another, or automatically send a "slide show" to the TV.

HDMI has been adopted by many high-end digital camera makers, to show photos in their high-resolution quality on an HDTV.

In January 2008, Silicon Image announced a new technology for sending video from mobile devices to a television in digital form. MHL sends pictures as a video stream, up to 1080p resolution, and is compatible with HDMI.[12]

Some DVD recorders and television sets can read memory cards used in cameras; alternatively several types of flash card readers have TV output capability.

[edit] Modes

Many digital cameras have preset modes for different applications. Within the constraints of correct exposure various parameters can be changed, including exposure, aperture, focusing, light metering, white balance, and equivalent sensitivity. For example a portrait might use a wider aperture to render the background out of focus, and would seek out and focus on a human face rather than other image content.

[edit] Image data storage

Canon Powershot A530 Refurbished

2009-09-06T08:16:00.000-07:00

Canon Powershot A530 Refurbished

Canon Powershot A530RB 5 megapixel Digital Camera with 4x optical/16x total zooms Digic II processor VGA sound movies Widescreen mode ISO 800 Pictbridge direct print Exif Handy AA battery power 1.8 inch low-temp LCD

From the Manufacturer
Canon makes an affordable, high-quality 5.0-megapixel digital camera a reality with the PowerShot A530. Fast, powerful, and impressively compact, the A530 delivers beautiful images and high performance. Best of all, this camera retains all the easy-to-use accessibility that has made the PowerShot A Series so popular.

Powerful specs, amazing value
Step up to 5.0 megapixels of imaging power and a genuine Canon 4x optical zoom--it's all within your reach with the PowerShot A530. You'll see the difference 5 megapixels of resolution make when you crop images and make enlargements that are true-to-life and filled with rich detail. With a 4x optical zoom, you're ready to capture a broad range of shots. Snapshots, landscapes, and everything in between are rendered with the clear, bright quality of genuine Canon optics.

Make your camera your companion
The PowerShot A530 packs all its imaging power into a body so lightweight and compact, you'll take it everywhere. And for times when a camera is indispensable, you'll be glad you have one that doesn't weigh you down.

Canon innovation enhances your experience
The PowerShot A530 features a new ISO 800 setting that reduces the effects of camera shake and sharpens subjects in low-light situations when shooting with high shutter speeds, giving you greater flexibility for shooting.

Advanced imaging technology improves every photo

DIGIC II Image Processor
Canon's DIGIC II Image Processor is designed to improve processing speed and image quality, so DIGIC II provides markedly faster startup, autofocus, and playback, plus it assures that every image is more colorfully vibrant.

iSAPS Technology
iSAPS Technology is an entirely original scene-recognition technology developed for digital cameras by Canon. Using an internal database of thousands of different photos, iSAPS works with the fast DIGIC II Image Processor to improve focus speed and accuracy, as well as exposure and white balance.

Shoot and view wide images
The PowerShot A530 includes a 16:9 widescreen resolution option, producing images and film clips that are perfect for your widescreen TV or computer monitor.

Capture the moment in any situation
The PowerShot A530 enables you to record VGA (640 x 480) at 10 frames per second (fps) or QVGA (320 x 240) movies at 20 fps with sound. Also, with Compact Movie Mode, you can shoot QQVGA (160 x 120) at 15 fps. Now digital zoom is available when you are recording a movie. With an additional 17 shooting modes, including the settings in Special Scene mode, you can produce breathtaking pictures even when shooting conditions are tough.

Shooting Modes
Advanced presets for the best possible photos under certain conditions
# Auto: The camera chooses all the settings so you can concentrate on your subject.
# P Program: Access advanced exposure compensation features while shooting mostly automatically.
# Manual: The ultimate in creative control, you set ISO speed, exposure compensation and white balance.
# Portrait: The camera sets a large aperture, focusing the subject and artistically blurring the background to make your subject "pop."
# Landscape: For front-to-back sharpness, the camera sets a small aperture.
# Foliage: Capture brilliant shots of autumn foliage, greenery and blossoms.
# Movie: Shoot in VGA (10 fps), QVGA (20 fps) or QQVGA (15 fps for up to 3 minutes).
# Snow: Shoot clear snow scenes without darkened subjects or an unatural bluish tint.
# Beach: Get clear shots of people at a sunny beach without darkened faces.
# Fireworks: Grab brilliant images of skyrocketing fireworks.
# Indoor: Reduce blur and improve color accuracy when shooting handheld indoors.
# Kids and Pets: Reduced focusing time freezes fast-moving subjects, so you won't miss those special shots.
# Night Scene: For impressive sunset or nightlife shots, the camera properly exposes the background and uses slow-sync flash for the subject.
# Night Snapshot: Get natural-looking pictures with brighter backgrounds and subjects lit by flash.
# Color Accent: Choose to retain a single color in your image while other colors turn monochrome.
# Color Swap: Select a color and replace it with a color you specify for special effects.
# Digital Macro: Shoot larger-than-life close-ups with one-button simplicity.
# Stitch Assist: Build awe-inspiring panoramas by neatly aligning sequential images.
# My Colors
Vivid: Yield vibrant shots with dramatic high-contrast.
# Neutral: Produce images of subtle, elegant tonality.
# Sepia: Recreate the look of vintage photographs.
# Black and White: Deliver enhanced clarity--especially useful when shooting text.
# Positive Film: Combine "Vivid Blue," "Vivid Green," and "Vivid Red" to achieve a positive film effect.
# Lighter Skin Tone: Make your subjects' skin tones lighter.
# Darker Skin Tone: Darken skin tones a shade.
# Custom Color: Finely adjust brightness and vividness, and set your preferred balance of blue, green, red, and skin colors.

The complete print solution
The PowerShot A530's Print/Share button makes direct printing easier than ever. Simply connect the A530 to a Canon CP, SELPHY, or PIXMA Photo Printer or any PictBridge compatible photo printer, press the lighted Print/Share button and print! Also use the Print/Share button to transfer images to a computer (Windows and Macintosh). (Printers not included--must be purchased separately.)

What's in the Box
PowerShot A530 body, AA-size Alkaline Battery (x2), MultiMediaCard MMC-16M, Wrist Strap WS-800, Digital Camera Solution CD-ROM, USB Interface Cable IFC-400PCU, AV Cable AVC-DC300

M-Audio MobilePre USB - sound card

2009-09-06T08:14:00.000-07:00

M-Audio MobilePre USB - sound card

MobilePre USB is the perfect audio interface and preamp for your laptop recording needs. A total of three kinds of audio inputs and outputs provide maximum flexibility for any application - including two on-board... More...

LifeBook S7220 Notebook

2009-09-06T08:11:00.000-07:00

LifeBook S7220 Notebook

The thin-and-light LifeBook S7220 Notebook provides the kind of security, reliability, and performance business professionals demand from their mobile computers. This notebook will lighten the load on your IT technical support.

General Information
Brand Name Fujitsu
Product Line LifeBook
Product Series S
Product Model S7220
Mobile Technology Centrino Duo
Product Type Notebook

Processor & Chipset
Processor Manufacturer Intel
Processor Type Core 2 Duo
Processor Model P8600
Processor Speed 2.4GHz
Processor Core Dual-core
Processor Technology EM64T Enhanced SpeedStep Technology Trusted Execution Technology Virtualization Technology
Bus Speed 1066MHz
L2 Cache 3MB
Chipset Manufacturer Intel
Chipset Model GM45 Express

Memory
Standard Memory 1GB
Maximum Memory 4GB
Memory Technology DDR3 SDRAM
Memory Standard DDR3-1066/PC3-8500
Number of Total Memory Slots 2
Memory Card Reader Yes
Memory Card Support Memory Stick Secure Digital (SD) Card

Storage
Hard Drive Capacity 160GB
Hard Drive Interface Serial ATA/150
Hard Drive RPM 5400
Solid State Drive Capacity Not Included
Solid State Drive Interface Not Applicable
Optical Drive Type Combo Drive
Optical Media Support CD-RW/DVD-ROM

Display & Graphics
Screen Size 14.1"
Graphic Mode WXGA
Display Screen Type Active Matrix TFT Color LCD
Widescreen Yes
Display Resolution 1280 x 800
Color Support 16.7 Million Colors
Graphics Controller Manufacturer Intel
Graphics Controller Model GMA 4500MHD
Graphics Memory Capacity 384MB
Graphics Memory Technology DDR3 SDRAM
Graphics Memory Accessibility Shared

Network & Communication
Network Technology Gigabit Ethernet Wi-Fi
Network Standard IEEE 802.11n IEEE 802.3ab
Wi-Fi Manufacturer Intel
Wi-Fi Model WiFi Link 5300
Modem Yes

I/O Expansions
Expansion Bay Type Modular Bay
Expansion Slot Type ExpressCard

Input Devices
Keyboard Size Full-size
Pointing Device Type TouchPad

Interfaces/Ports
Interfaces/Ports 1 x 100-pin Dock 1 x 15-pin HD-15 VGA 1 x DC Power Input 1 x Mini-phone Headphone 1 x Mini-phone Microphone 1 x RJ-11 Modem 1 x RJ-45 Network 3 x 4-pin Type A USB 2.0 - USB

Built-in Devices
Camera Yes
Finger Print Reader Yes

Software
Operating System Windows Vista Business
Software Included - Microsoft Office Ready PC with Microsoft Office Professional 2007 60-Day Trial - Adobe Acrobat Reader - Norton Internet Security 2007 90-Day Trial Version - Roxio Easy Media Creator - Cyberlink MakeDisc - Cyberlink PowerDirector - OmniPass Fingerprint application - Fujitsu Portshutter - Fujitsu Driver Update utility - Evernote Plus

Battery Information
Number of Cells 6-cell
Battery Chemistry Lithium Ion (Li-Ion)
Battery Capacity 5800mAh
Maximum Battery Run Time 3.25 Hour

Power Description
Input Voltage 110V AC 220V AC

Physical Characteristics
Dimensions 1.46" Height x 13.15" Width x 9.5" Depth

Miscellaneous
Package Contents - LifeBook S7220 Notebook - Lithium-Ion Battery - AC Adapter

Warranty
Standard Warranty 1 Year Limited

PANASONIC Handy Cam For Sale almost new (Hard Disk Camera)

2009-09-05T08:38:00.000-07:00

PANASONIC Handy Cam For Sale almost new (Hard Disk Camera)

PANASONIC Handy Cam For Sale Almost in New Condition

Brought From UK, Hardly Used, in Scracthless Condition

All Accessories Unused

Hard Disk / SD Card Video Camera

MODEL: SDR-H20EB-S

40 GB Hard Disk

512 MB SD Card

7.9v / 7.2v = 4.4w

32X Optical Zoom

Made in Japan

[+] Samsung Dua Cam::Handy Came plus Digital Camera.

2009-09-05T08:35:00.000-07:00

[+]

Samsung Dua Cam::Handy Came plus Digital Camera.

Duo CaSamsung m with 5.1MP digital Camera and 6MP Movie Camera with 10X Zoom

Orignal Market price is 42000...I m just selling it in 18000...It is orignal Japenese made and with full acessories

Its Movie and picture result is worth watching...

Make full use of it.....

My contact number is 03072229861

Laptop

2009-09-05T08:25:00.000-07:00

Laptop

A laptop (or notebook) is a personal computer designed for mobile use and small enough to sit on one's lap while in use.[1] A laptop integrates most of the typical components of a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device (a touchpad, also known as a trackpad, and/or a pointing stick), speakers, and often including a battery, into a single small and light unit. The rechargeable battery (if present) is charged from an AC adapter and typically stores enough energy to run the laptop for two to three hours in its initial state, depending on the configuration and power management of the computer.

Laptops are usually shaped like a large notebook with thicknesses between 0.7–1.5 inches (18–38 mm) and dimensions ranging from 10x8 inches (27x22cm, 13" display) to 15x11 inches (39x28cm, 17" display) and up. Modern laptops weigh 3 to 12 pounds (1.4 to 5.4 kg); older laptops were usually heavier. Most laptops are designed in the flip form factor to protect the screen and the keyboard when closed. Modern tablet laptops have a complex joint between the keyboard housing and the display, permitting the display panel to swivel and then lie flat on the keyboard housing. They usually have a touchscreen display and some include handwriting recognition or graphics drawing capability.

Laptops were originally considered to be "a small niche market" and were thought suitable mostly for "specialized field applications" such as "the military, the Internal Revenue Service, accountants and sales representatives". But today, there are already more laptops than desktops in businesses, and laptops are becoming obligatory for student use and more popular for general use. In 2008 more laptops than desktops were sold in the US and it has been predicted that the same milestone will be reached in the worldwide market as soon as late 2009.

Sony Ericsson C905

2009-09-02T07:51:00.000-07:00

Sony Ericsson C905

Whats New? Sony Ericsson C905 - Picture perfection
Sony Ericsson C905 has all the functions you need for perfect pictures. Smart Contrast balances light and colour. Face detection helps you focus on people. The 8.1 megapixel Sony Erisson C905 Cyber-shot™ phone is equipped with Xenon flash and always ready to capture the best moments of your life.Sony Erisson C905 - its all about Getting the best shot.
Dimension 104 x 49 x 18-19.5 mm
Weight 136 g
Battery Talk time Up to 9 h, Stand-by Up to 380 h
Memory 160 MB Built-in + Memory Stick Micro (M2, 2 GB card included)
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, USB, GPRS Class 10 (48 kbps), EDGE Class 10 (236.8 kbps), 3G (HSDPA 3.6 Mbps), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g DLNA)
Display Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.4 inches (Accelerometer sensor for auto-rotate)
Display Colour TFT, 256K colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 2100)
Browser WAP 2.0/HTML (NetFront), RSS reader
Colors Night Black, Ice Silver, Copper Gold, Tender Rose
Entertainment FM radio with RDS, MP3/AAC/MPEG4 player, TV-out, TrackID music recognition, Games,
Camera 8 MP, 3264x2448 pixels, autofocus, xenon flash (with face detection & smart contrast)
Other Features Picture editor/blogging, Google maps, Wayfinder Navigator 7, Camera images geo-tagging, Built-in handsfree
Ring Tones Polyphonic, MP3
Messaging SMS (threaded view), MMS, Email, Instant Messaging
Price Price in Rs: 32,500 Price in USD: $406

LG KU990 Viewty

2009-09-02T07:48:00.000-07:00

LG KU990 Viewty

Whats New? LG KU990 Viewty View the Next Technology
LG K990 Viewty, Packed with high-quality camera features, LG Viewty camera phone enables you to capture a high-definition image using a 5 mega pixel camera lens certified by Schneider-Kreuznach & edit your photo on a large, clear, 3-inch display just like a professional photographer.
Dimension 103.5 x 54.4 x 14.8 mm
Weight 112 g
Battery Talk time Up to 4 h, Stand-by Up to 430 h
Memory 100 MB shared memory + 1 GB Memory Card Included (microSD TransFlash)
Connectivity Bluetooth v1.2 with A2DP, USB, GPRS Class 10 (48 kbps), EDGE, 3G (HSDPA 3.6 Mbps)
Display Size 240 x 400 pixels, 3 inches (Flash UI)
Display Colour TFT touchscreen, 256K colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 2100)
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML
Colors Black, Dark Silver
Entertainment MP3/MPEG4/WMV/AAC/DivX player, FM radio with RDS, Games
Camera 5 MP, 2592?1944 pixels, autofocus, video(VGA 30fps, QVGA up to 120fps), strobe flash; secondary VGA videocall camera
Other Features Document viewer (DOC, XLS, PDF), Built-in handsfree
Ring Tones Polyphonic (40 channels), MP3
Messaging SMS, EMS, MMS, Email
Price Price in Rs: 30,000 Price in USD: $375

Disclaimer. Prices are updated daily from local shops and dealers but we can not guarantee that the information on this page is 100% correct (Human error is possible), always visit your local shop for exact prices.

LG KU990 Viewty - user opinions and LG KU990 Viewty reviews
I am selling Lg KU990 in v.good condition.scratchless screen with orignal screen protecteron. Set,charger and 2Gb memory card.set from uk.price is 14k.contact 03234000560
30-08-2009 ali
Hello freinds, I bought two mobile phones from Uk London, brand new Lg viewty Ku990, sealed box, want to sale out these two mobiles with all its original assecories, Mobile price Rs. 20,000 Only geniune interested buyer may contact at 0300-9203146, I live in karachi
29-08-2009 masroor
Hi... I m sellin my LG Viewty KU-990... it is in a very good cndton... cmplt box n all acessries... my demand is 15,000... i lv in islamabad... wil b available in pindi too... 0313-5245394
28-08-2009 Wakas
Salam, I am selling my LG Viewty KU990R in scratchless condition warranty till Mar 2010. Price 14,000/- Buyers Contact on 0333-3787062
25-08-2009 Shani
Salam... guys m usin lg viewty ku990... complte box n acessries... good condition... my demand is 16000... a bit negotiatable... serious buyers r requested to contact... 0313-5245394... 2 gb card is also included
25-08-2009 WaKas

Nokia N97

2009-09-02T07:44:00.000-07:00

Nokia N97

Whats New? Nokia N97 - A True Mobile Computer
Desktop to the laptop & now to your pocket, the Nokia N97 is the most powerful, multi-sensory mobile computer in existence. Nokia N97 mobile phone features touch screen, full QWERTY keyboard, GPS, 32 GB memory, games, video, camera, widgets, Ovi Store including much more. With Nokia N97, Personalise your homescreen, add more content & fully customise your layout with your favourite live feeds, mini views & services. Nokia N97 is the Monster Machine.
Dimension 117.2 x 55.3 x 15.9 mm, 88 cc
Weight 150 g
Battery Talk time Up to 9 h 30 min, Stand-by Up to 432 h
OS Symbian OS v9.4, Series 60 rel. 5
Memory 32 GB Built-in + microSD Card (supports up to 16GB)
Processor ARM 11 434 MHz
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, USB, GPRS Class 32, HSCSD, EDGE Class 32, WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g UPnP technology), 3G (HSDPA 3.6 Mbps)
Display Size 360 x 640 pixels, 3.5 inches (Proximity sensor for auto turn-off, Accelerometer sensor for auto-rotate)
Display Colour TFT resistive touchscreen, 16M colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 900 / 1900 / 2100)
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML, RSS feeds
Colors White, Black
Entertainment Stereo FM radio with RDS (built-in Transmitter), Visual radio, MP3/WMA/WAV/eAAC+/MP4/M4V player, 3.5 mm audio jack, Stereo Speakers, MPEG4/WMV/3gp/Flash video player, TV-out, Video and photo editor, Games
Camera 5MP, 2592x1944 pixels, Carl Zeiss optics, autofocus, LED flash, Video (VGA 30fps), video light, (2ndary camera)
Other Features GPS + A-GPS support, Digital compass, Full QWERTY keyboard, Handwriting recognition, Pocket Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF viewer), Flash Lite 3,
Ring Tones Downloadable, MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Push Email, IM
Price Price in Rs: 49,900 Price in USD: $624

Disclaimer. Prices are updated daily from local shops and dealers but we can not guarantee that the information on this page is 100% correct (Human error is possible), always visit your local shop for exact prices.

Nokia N97 - user opinions and Nokia N97 reviews
I WANT XBOX 360 PLZ CALL ME 03138374768 60 GB IM IN QUETTA
02-09-2009 yaqoob
I have 2 brand new Nokia N97 on 3 network LOCKED. Brownish Black in Color Imported from U.K. Give me your offer and might i will sell. Contact: 0300 4433688 email: osama1942@hotmail.com
02-09-2009 Muhammad O Arshad
Hi i have n97, uk set...complete accessoriess!!!!!! i m in urgent need of money... set is in mint condition!!!! Contact me as sooon as possible!!!! price is negotiable!!!! 0333-2160590!!!
02-09-2009 Salman
i wana buy n97 brand new or good used call me 03216607660
01-09-2009 moor
salam agar koi N97 ko sell karna chahta hai agar set saaf hai tu pehir mera mera say is number per rabbta karay 03214091113 03004201113
01-09-2009 Awais shah

BlackBerry Curve 8310

2009-08-30T07:45:00.000-07:00

BlackBerry Curve 8310

hats New? BlackBerry Curve 8310
Featuring a metallic finish, clean lines and soft edges, the BlackBerry Curve 8310 is the smallest & lightest BlackBerry smartphone ever to come with a full QWERTY keyboard. The BlackBerry Curve 8310 is designed to simplify your life in a friendly, personal and easy-to-use package. It’s your connection to everything that matters.
Dimension 107 x 60 x 15.5 mm
Weight 111 g
Battery Talk time Up to 4 h, Stand-by Up to 408 h
OS BlackBerry OS
Memory 64 MB flash memory + Extendable microSD (TransFlash)
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, USB, GPRS, EDGE
Display Size 320 x 240 pixels (Trackball navigation)
Display Colour 65K colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
Browser HTML
Colors Silver
Entertainment Media player (Videos/Music), Games (builtin + downloadable)
Camera 2 MP, 1600x1200 pixels, flash
Other Features QWERTY keyboard, Integrated GPS, BlackBerry maps, Voice dial, Built-in handsfree
Ring Tones Polyphonic (32 channels), MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging
Price Price in Rs: 29,000 Price in USD: $362

Disclaimer. Prices are updated daily from local shops and dealers but we can not guarantee that the information on this page is 100% correct (Human error is possible), always visit your local shop for exact prices.

BlackBerry Curve 8310 - user opinions and BlackBerry Curve 8310 reviews
Ali, i want to purchase 8310, send me the current pics on mohammad.adnan@gmail.com
29-08-2009 Adnan
I want to sell my Black Berry 8310 in Best Condition.... 0321-5151272 , 0333-4400330 , 0312-6655441
28-08-2009 Ali Shah
interested in buying Blackberry Curve 8310 or 8320 in mint condition. Anyone interested in selling contact Mohsin 03008498305 - Lahore only
24-08-2009 Mohsin
Selling used Blackberry 8310 in RWP. Boxed with all the accessories. Was purchased last year from WARID. U may SMS ur bid on 0321 5170359.
23-08-2009 Ajaz
Anyone want to sell blackberry 8310 with complete accessories and box.Naqvi 0301 8470061
20-08-2009 Naqvi

Nokia N86 8MP

2009-08-30T07:43:00.000-07:00

Nokia N86 8MP

Whats New? Nokia N86 8MP
The Nokia N86 8MP gives you everything an Nseries device has to offer including an 8 megapixel camera, easy media sharing, advanced location based services and premium design. Capture stunning images using the 8 megapixel camera of Nokia N86 8MP, with super wide-angle Carl Zeiss optics & other advanced features. Nokia N86 8MP lets you share high quality photos and videos with others through the Ovi service. Nokia N86 8MP, Experience the sleek design.
Dimension 103.4 x 51.4 x 16.5 mm, 69 cc
Weight 149 g
Battery Talk time Up to 6 h, Stand-by Up to 312 h, Music play Up to 25 h
OS Symbian OS v9.3, S60 rel. 3.2
Memory 8 GB Built-in, 128 MB RAM + microSD Card (supports up to 16GB)
Processor ARM 11 434 MHz
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, USB, GPRS Class 32, HSCSD, EDGE Class 32 (296 / 177.6 kbits), 3G (HSDPA 3.6 Mbps), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g UPnP)
Display Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.6 inches (Accelerometer sensor + Scratch-resistant surface)
Display Colour AMOLED, 16M colors
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML
Colors Indigo Black, White
Entertainment Stereo FM radio with RDS + FM transmitter, MP3/WMA/WAV/RA/AAC/M4A music player, 3.5 mm audio jack, Dedicated music keys, WMV/RV/MP4/3GP video player, TV-out, Games (built-in + downloadable)
Camera 8 MP, 3264x2448 pixels, wide 28mm Carl Zeiss lens, autofocus, dual LED flash, geotagging, ISO 800, Variable apperture, Video (VGA 30fps), (2ndary VGA videocall camera)
Other Features GPS + A-GPS support + Ovi Maps 3.0, Dual slide design, Digital compass, Document viewer (Ms Office + PDF), Kickstand, Flash Lite 3.1, Speakerphone (stereo speakers)
Ring Tones Downloadable Polyphonic, MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email
Price Price in Rs: 37,500 Price in USD: $469

Disclaimer. Prices are updated daily from local shops and dealers but we can not guarantee that the information on this page is 100% correct (Human error is possible), always visit your local shop for exact prices.

Nokia N86 8MP - user opinions and Nokia N86 8MP reviews
em interested in buying N86, in warranty sets will be preffered, 03224835688
27-08-2009 jb
i want to buy this fon, plzzzzzzzz if any one wana sale dis, cn cntact me at 03214122185 bt there mst nt b any scratch on body and on buttons and it should be unrepaired..
27-08-2009 Umair
N86 fir sale final price will be 26500 no bargaining plz call me @ 0300-7557067
26-08-2009 Chand
N86 4 sale scratch less gud condition got 4rm uk my demand is 26000 0334-4717565
24-08-2009 Usman
i want to buy this fon, plzzzzzzzz if any one wana sale dis, cn cntact me at 03126004546 bt there mst nt b any scratch on body and on buttons
24-08-2009 naved watu

Nokia E75

2009-08-30T07:41:00.000-07:00

Nokia E75

Whats New? Nokia E75 - Designed for Email
Manage your business and personal life with the Nokia E75. Type quickly with the side slide design, check email on the fly and browse the internet on your Nokia E75 in your free time. Boost your work with the full keyboard of Nokia E75, contact your colleagues and friends with easy messaging. With Nokia E75, Enjoy your entertainment, browse the web, travel with Nokia Maps and download music and videos.
Dimension 111.8 x 50 x 14.4 mm, 69 cc
Weight 139 g
Battery Talk time Up to 5 h, Stand-by Up to 280 h, Music play Up to 25 h
OS Symbian OS, S60 rel. 3.2
Memory 50 MB Built-in + 4GB microSD included (supports up to 16GB)
Processor ARM 11 369 MHz
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.0 with A2DP, WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g), USB, GPRS Class 32, HSCSD, EDGE Class 32 (296 / 177.6 kbits)
Display Size 240 x 320 pixels, 2.4 inches (Accelerometer sensor for auto-rotate)
Display Colour TFT active matrix, 16M colors (QVGA)
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 900 / 1900 / 2100)
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML, HTML
Colors Silver black, Red and Copper yellow
Entertainment Stereo FM radio with RDS, 3.5 mm audio jack, MP3/MP4/eAAC+/WMA player, Games N-Gage compatible (built-in + downloadable)
Camera 3.2 MP, 2048x1536 pixels, autofocus, LED flash, VGA VIDEO, 2ndary VGA videocall camera
Other Features Full QWERTY keyboard, Speakerphone, GPS + A-GPS support, Nokia Maps, Voice memo
Ring Tones Downloadable Polyphonic, MP3
Messaging SMS, MMS, Email
Price Price in Rs: 33,500 Price in USD: $419

Disclaimer. Prices are updated daily from local shops and dealers but we can not guarantee that the information on this page is 100% correct (Human error is possible), always visit your local shop for exact prices.

Nokia E75 - user opinions and Nokia E75 reviews
anyone want to sell his or her e75 plx do contact me ! wid a minimum of 10mnth warranty .. only khi people !!! taha 0331-2414896
27-08-2009 taha
hy my name is SHoaib if anyone want to sell E75 with warranty i want to buy it for 25,000 contact me on my mailing address.....s1says@hotmail.com....lahore
27-08-2009 shoaib
i want need nokia e75 have u cell ur mobile so contact me on this num 03337595977
24-08-2009 ameet
any one want to sell it at 19k then contact 03139586224
21-08-2009 albar
hey anyone xchange his e75 10 month worranty wid n79 wid6m worranty 9.5/10 all accessories, then contact me at 03219482550(lahore)
20-08-2009 ahsan ur rehman

Apple iPhone 3GS 32GB

2009-08-30T07:38:00.000-07:00

Apple iPhone 3GS 32GB

Whats New? Apple iphone-3GS - The Fastest iPhone Ever
iPhone 3GS -Meet the fastest, most powerful iPhone yet. iPhone 3GS features video recording, Voice Control, up to 32GB of storage, & more. The first thing you’ll notice about iPhone 3GS is how quickly you can launch apps. Webpages render in a fraction of time, & you can view email attachments faster. On iPhone 3GS improved performance & updated 3D graphics deliver an incredible gaming experience, too. In fact, everything you do on iPhone 3GS is up to 2x faster & more responsive than iPhone 3G.
Dimension 115.5 x 62.1 x 12.3 mm
Weight 135 g
Battery Talk time Up to 12 h, Stand-by Up to 300 h, Music play Up to 30 h
OS iPhone OS (based on Mac OS)
Memory 32 GB Built-in + 256 MB RAM
Processor ARM Cortex A8 600 MHz (PowerVR SGX graphics)
Connectivity Bluetooth v2.1 with A2DP, USB, GPRS, EDGE, 3G (HSDPA 7.2 Mbps), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11b/g)
Display Size 320 x 480 pixels, 3.5 inches (Multi-touch input, Accelerometer sensor, Proximity sensor)
Display Colour TFT capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors (Scratch-resistant surface)
Operating
Frequency / Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 (HSDPA 850 / 1900 / 2100)
Browser HTML (Safari)
Colors Black, White
Entertainment Audio/video player, TV-out, Games (motion-based), 3.5 mm headset jack
Camera 3.15 MP, 2048x1536 pixels, autofocus, Touch focus, Video (VGA 30fps), video geo-tagging,
Other Features GPS + A-GPS support, Digital compass, Google Maps, Speakerphone, Voice command/dial
Ring Tones Downloadable polyphonic, MP3
Messaging SMS (threaded view), MMS, Email
Price Price in Rs: 83,000 Price in USD: $1037

Disclaimer. Prices are updated daily from local shops and dealers but we can not guarantee that the information on this page is 100% correct (Human error is possible), always visit your local shop for exact prices.

Apple iPhone 3GS 32GB - user opinions and Apple iPhone 3GS 32GB reviews
Are bhai khan sb hain na is liye aisi batein kar sakte hain... :). Khan sb keep it up !
30-08-2009 Irfan
Khan sahib if you find a 3GS in 40000/- do tell me! stop dreaming........
29-08-2009 ashraf
I want to buy 3GS 32 GB Iphone, my budget range is 30000 to 40000, should be in good condition, within warranty, and accesories, contact me on 0334-3558610.
29-08-2009 Rotaz Khan
i want to buy apple iphone 3gs 32 gb my range is 60 to 70 thousand my phone no is 03214333034
27-08-2009 abdulrafey
Brand new Iphone(plastic coated) 3GS 32 GB white.good price.email me drghaffar05@yahoo.com have 2 right now
24-08-2009 Ahmed

Nokia 2600 classic

2009-08-30T07:34:00.000-07:00

Nokia 2600 classic

General 2G Network GSM 900 / 1800
Announced 2008, January
Status Available. Released 2008, March
Size Dimensions 109.6 x 46.7 x 12 mm, 63.5 cc
Weight 73.2 g
Display Type TFT, 65K colors
Size 128 x 160 pixels, 1.77 inches
- 5-way navigation key
Sound Alert types Vibration; Downloadable polyphonic, MP3 ringtones
Speakerphone No
Memory Phonebook 1000 entries
Call records 20 dialed, 20 received, 20 missed calls
Internal 10 MB
Card slot No
Data GPRS Yes
HSCSD No
EDGE Yes, Downlink only
3G No
WLAN No
Bluetooth Yes, v2.0
Infrared port No
USB No
Camera Primary VGA, 640x480 pixels
Video Yes
Secondary No
Features Messaging SMS, MMS, Email
Browser WAP 2.0/xHTML
Radio FM radio
Games Yes
Colors Black, Orange, Blue, Beige
GPS No
Java Yes, MIDP 2.0
- Organizer
- Voice memo
- Expense manager
- T9
Battery Standard battery, Li-Ion 870 mAh (BL-5BT)
Stand-by Up to 580 h
Talk time Up to 6 h
Misc Price group [About 60 EUR]

Microphone

2009-08-09T05:07:00.000-07:00

Microphone

A microphone, sometimes colloquially called a mic or mike (both pronounced /ˈmaɪk/), is an acoustic-to-electric transducer or sensor that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in many applications such as telephones, tape recorders, hearing aids, motion picture production, live and recorded audio engineering, in radio and television broadcasting and in computers for recording voice, VoIP, and for non-acoustic purposes such as ultrasonic checking.

A Neumann U87 condenser microphoneThe most common design today uses a thin membrane which vibrates in response to sound pressure. This movement is subsequently translated into an electrical signal. Most microphones in use today for audio use electromagnetic induction (dynamic microphone), capacitance change (condenser microphone, pictured right), piezoelectric generation, or light modulation to produce the signal from mechanical vibration.

[edit] Varieties
The sensitive transducer element of a microphone is called its element or capsule. A complete microphone also includes a housing, some means of bringing the signal from the element to other equipment, and often an electronic circuit to adapt the output of the capsule to the equipment being driven. Microphones are referred to by their transducer principle, such as condenser, dynamic, etc., and by their directional characteristics. Sometimes other characteristics such as diaphragm size, intended use or orientation of the principal sound input to the principal axis (end- or side-address) of the microphone are used to describe the microphone.

[edit] Condenser, capacitor or electrostatic microphone

Inside the Oktava 319 condenser microphoneIn a condenser microphone, also known as a capacitor or electrostatic microphone, the diaphragm acts as one plate of a capacitor, and the vibrations produce changes in the distance between the plates. There are two methods of extracting an audio output from the transducer thus formed: DC-biased and radio frequency (RF) or high frequency (HF) condenser microphones. With a DC-biased microphone, the plates are biased with a fixed charge (Q). The voltage maintained across the capacitor plates changes with the vibrations in the air, according to the capacitance equation (C = Q / V), where Q = charge in coulombs, C = capacitance in farads and V = potential difference in volts. The capacitance of the plates is inversely proportional to the distance between them for a parallel-plate capacitor. (See capacitance for details.) The assembly of fixed and movable plates is called an "element" or "capsule."

A nearly constant charge is maintained on the capacitor. As the capacitance changes, the charge across the capacitor does change very slightly, but at audible frequencies it is sensibly constant. The capacitance of the capsule (around 5–100 pF) and the value of the bias resistor (100 megohms to tens of gigohms) form a filter which is highpass for the audio signal, and lowpass for the bias voltage. Note that the time constant of an RC circuit equals the product of the resistance and capacitance.

Within the time-frame of the capacitance change (as much as 50 ms at 20 Hz audio signal), the charge is practically constant and the voltage across the capacitor changes instantaneously to reflect the change in capacitance. The voltage across the capacitor varies above and below the bias voltage. The voltage difference between the bias and the capacitor is seen across the series resistor. The voltage across the resistor is amplified for performance or recording.

AKG C451B small-diaphragm condenser microphoneRF condenser microphones use a comparatively low RF voltage, generated by a low-noise oscillator. The oscillator may either be frequency modulated by the capacitance changes produced by the sound waves moving the capsule diaphragm, or the capsule may be part of a resonant circuit that modulates the amplitude of the fixed-frequency oscillator signal. Demodulation yields a low-noise audio frequency signal with a very low source impedance. This technique permits the use of a diaphragm with looser tension, which may be used to achieve wider frequency response due to higher compliance. The RF biasing process results in a lower electrical impedance capsule, a useful byproduct of which is that RF condenser microphones can be operated in damp weather conditions which could create problems in DC-biased microphones whose insulating surfaces have become contaminated. The Sennheiser "MKH" series of microphones use the RF biasing technique.

Condenser microphones span the range from telephone transmitters to inexpensive karaoke microphones to high-fidelity recording microphones. They generally produce a high-quality audio signal and are now the popular choice in laboratory and studio recording applications. The inherent suitability of this technology is due to the very small mass that must be moved by the incident sound wave, unlike other microphone types which require the sound wave to do more work. They require a power source, provided either from microphone inputs as phantom power or from a small battery. Power is necessary for establishing the capacitor plate voltage, and is also needed to power the microphone electronics (impedance conversion in the case of electret and DC-polarized microphones, demodulation or detection in the case of RF/HF microphones). Condenser microphones are also available with two diaphragms, the signals from which can be electrically connected such as to provide a range of polar patterns (see below), such as cardioid, omnidirectional and figure-eight. It is also possible to vary the pattern smoothly with some microphones, for example the Røde NT2000 or CAD M179.

400L refrigerator

2009-08-09T05:01:00.000-07:00

400L refrigerator

This SAMSUNG technology creates a blanket of cold air to descend from the top, to cool the food evenly in both the front and back of the compartment. Moreover, cool boosters on the sides ensure that the food stays optimally chilled, ensuring 3-dimentional cooling action throughout.

SAMSUNG exclusive coolever zone with its perfect-fit design eliminates the gaps existing in conventional crispers. The tight-sealed drawer maintains optimal humidity and ensures constant temperature. Unlike conventional crispers where cooling takes place by convection, the cooling in coolever zone takes place by conduction

As cold air flows from the top and the back of the freezer compartment, food freezes quickly and safely. When a new item is placed in the freezer, it activates the cool air shower to bring the temperature rapidly back to optimal states faster than conventional models

In the case of conventional automatic defrost or manual defrost models, frost is formed on the surface of foods stored in the refrigerator which can damage delicate foods. Also, conventional defrost models require unnecessary time and effort for defrosting work regularly.

Canon PowerShot SD790 IS Digital ELPH - digital camera

2009-08-09T04:46:00.000-07:00

Canon PowerShot SD790 IS Digital ELPH - digital camera

Chiseled edges with a subtle gleam give this PowerShot SD790 IS Digital ELPH distinctive sculptural appeal. Just as attractive are its high-end specifications, including 10 megapixels of resolution plus Face Detection and Motion Detection Technology that delivers the ultimate in crisp, clear, amazingly detailed images. Prepare to be transfixed by the view from the camera's 3.0-inch PureColor LCD II screen. With rich, accurate color and superb clarity, the screen is easy to view at wide angles too - perfect for gathering a group around to see your images.

Audio recording, direct print, USB 2.0 compatibility, motion sensor, digital noise reduction, date/time stamp, DPOF support, digital image rotation, camera orientation detection, PictBridge support, histogram display, AE lock, AF lock, FE lock, resizing an image, in-camera red-eye fix, highlight point display, in-camera movie editing, automatic face tracking technology, face detection, Exif Print support

Additional Features
Audio recording, direct print, USB 2.0 compatibility, motion sensor, digital noise reduction, date/time stamp, DPOF support, digital image rotation, camera orientation detection, PictBridge support, histogram display, AE lock, AF lock, FE lock, resizing an image, in-camera red-eye fix, highlight point display, in-camera movie editing, automatic face tracking technology, face detection, Exif Print support
Self Timer
Yes
Self Timer Delay
10 sec, 2 sec

Battery
Supported Battery
Canon NB-5L
Supported Battery Details
1 x Li-ion rechargeable battery - 1120 mAh ( included )

Camera Flash
Camera Flash
Built-in flash
Effective Flash Range
1 ft - 11.5 ft
Flash Modes
Fill-in mode, slow synchro, auto mode, flash OFF mode, red-eye reduction
Red Eye Reduction
Yes

Connections
Connector Type
1 x USB 1 x composite video/audio output
Expansion Slot(s)
1 x SD Memory Card

Display
Display Form Factor
Built-in
Display Format
230,000 pixels
Type
LCD display - TFT active matrix - 3" - color

Environmental Parameters
Max Operating Temperature
104 F
Min Operating Temperature
32 F

General
Depth
0.8 in
Height
2.2 in
Product Type
Digital camera - compact
Weight
5.5 oz
Width
3.6 in

Lens System
Auto Focus
TTL contrast detection
Auto Focus Points (Zones)
9
Features
Built-in lens shield, UA lens
Focal Length
6.2 mm - 18.6 mm
Focal Length Equivalent to 35mm Camera
35 - 105mm
Focus Adjustment
Automatic
Lens Aperture
F/2.8-4.9
Macro Focus Range
3-50cm
Min Focus Range
11.8 in
Optical Zoom
3 x
Type
Zoom lens - 6.2 mm - 18.6 mm - f/2.8-4.9
Zoom Adjustment
Motorized drive

Main Features
Color Support
Color
Continuous Shooting Speed
1.4 frames per second
Digital Video Format
AVI, MJPEG
Digital Zoom
4 x
Effective Sensor Resolution
10,000,000 pixels
Exposure Compensation
±2 EV range, in 1/3 EV steps
Exposure Metering
Evaluative, center-weighted, spot
Exposure Modes
Program, automatic
Face Detection
Yes
Image Stabilizer
Optical
Light Sensitivity
ISO 100, ISO 800, ISO 400, ISO 200, ISO 80, ISO 1600, ISO auto, ISO 3200 (2Mpix)
Max Shutter Speed
1/1500 sec
Min Shutter Speed
15 sec
Optical Sensor Size
1/2.3"
Optical Sensor Type
CCD
Resolution
10.0 Megapixel
Shooting Modes
Frame movie mode
Shooting Programs
Portrait mode, stitch assist, fireworks, underwater, sunset, indoor, foliage, beach, kids & pets, digital macro, night snapshot, snow, high sensitivity, aquarium
Special Effects
Color Accent, Color Swap
Still Image Format
JPEG
Total Pixels
10,300,000 pixels
Video Capture
AVI - 640 x 480 - 30 fps AVI - 320 x 240 - 30 fps AVI - 160 x 120 - 15 fps
White Balance
Custom, automatic, presets
White Balance Presets
Fluorescent, cloudy, tungsten light, daylight

Memory / Storage
Flash Memory
32 MB flash - SD Memory Card
Image Storage
JPEG 3648 x 2736 JPEG 2816 x 2112 JPEG 2272 x 1704 JPEG 1600 x 1200 JPEG 640 x 480 JPEG 3648 x 2048
Supported Flash Memory
MultiMediaCard, SD Memory Card, SDHC Memory Card, MultiMediaCardplus

Microphone
Microphone Operation Mode
Mono
Microphone Technology
Electret condenser
Type
Microphone - built-in

Miscellaneous
Cables Included
A/V cable USB cable
Certified for Windows Vista
Certified for Windows Vista software and devices have undergone compatibility tests for ease-of-use, better performance and enhanced security.
Included Accessories
Wrist strap

Power
Power Device
Battery charger - external

Software
Software
Drivers & Utilities, Canon ZoomBrowser EX, Canon ImageBrowser

System Requirements for PC Connection
Operating System Support
MS Windows 2000 SP4 or later, MS Windows Vista, Apple Mac OS X 10.3 - 10.4, MS Windows XP SP2
Peripheral Devices
USB port, CD-ROM drive

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A laptop (also known as a notebook)

2009-07-02T08:05:00.000-07:00

A laptop (also known as a notebook) is a personal computer designed for mobile use small enough to sit on one's lap.[1] A laptop includes most of the typical components of a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device (a touchpad, also known as a trackpad, and/or a pointing stick), speakers, as well as a battery, into a single small and light unit. The rechargeable battery required is charged from an AC/DC adapter and typically stores enough energy to run the laptop for two to three hours in its initial state, depending on the configuration and power management of the computer.

Laptops are usually shaped like a large notebook with thicknesses between 0.7–1.5 inches (18–38 mm) and dimensions ranging from 10x8 inches (27x22cm, 13" display) to 15x11 inches (39x28cm, 17" display) and up. Modern laptops weigh 3 to 12 pounds (1.4 to 5.4 kg); older laptops were usually heavier. Most laptops are designed in the flip form factor to protect the screen and the keyboard when closed. Modern 'tablet' laptops have a complex joint between the keyboard housing and the display, permitting the display panel to twist and then lay flat on the keyboard housing. They usually have a touchscreen display and some include handwriting recognition or graphics drawing capability.

Laptops were originally considered to be "a small niche market"[2] and were thought suitable mostly for "specialized field applications" such as "the military, the Internal Revenue Service, accountants and sales representatives".[2][3] Battery-powered portable computers had just 2% worldwide market share in 1986.[4] But today, there are already more laptops than desktops in businesses, and laptops are becoming obligatory for student use and more popular for general use.[5] In 2008 more laptops than desktops were sold in the US[6] and according to a forecast by the research firm IDC and Intel, the same milestone will be achieved in the worldwide PC market as soon as 2009.

Personal computer

2009-07-02T07:59:00.000-07:00

A personal computer (PC) is any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no intervening computer operator.

As of 2009, a personal computer may be a desktop computer, a laptop computer or a tablet computer. The most common current operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux, while the most common microprocessors are x86-compatible CPUs, ARM architecture CPUs and PowerPC CPUs. Software applications for personal computers include word processing, spreadsheets, databases, Web browsers and e-mail clients, games, and myriad personal productivity and special-purpose software. Modern personal computers often have high-speed or dial-up connections to the Internet, allowing access to the World Wide Web and a wide range of other resources.

A PC may be a home computer, or may be found in an office, often connected to a local area network (LAN). This is in contrast to the batch processing or time-sharing models which allowed large expensive systems to be used by many people, usually at the same time, or large data processing systems which required a full-time staff to operate efficiently.

While early PC owners usually had to write their own programs to do anything useful with the machines, today's users have access to a wide range of commercial and non-commercial software which is provided in ready-to-run form. Since the 1980s, Microsoft and Intel have been dominating much of the personal computer market with the Wintel platform.

Healthy juice made easy

2009-07-01T08:30:00.000-07:00

No chopping. No hassle. Just juice
Juicing has never been easier. This juicer will swallow fruit and vegetables whole, without the need for chopping. With the powerful 650 W motor and unique micro mesh filter you get every last drop of juice out.

Nokia 6300 Rs. 11,200 USD $140

2009-06-26T08:04:00.000-07:00

Whats New?
The Nokia 6300 offers simplicity and style to busy individuals with its compact size, clean modern design, stainless-steel covers, alert lights which flash if you have missed calls or unread SMS, 2 megapixel camera with 8x digital zoom, multimedia messaging, music player, video player, and recorder.

Dimension 106.4 x 43.6 x 11.7 mm, 56 cc
Weight 91 g
Entertainment
Games, FM stereo radio, Push to talk, MP3/MP4/AAC/AAC+/eAAC+ player
Camera 2 MP, 1600x1200 pixels, video(QCIF)

Microwave oven

2009-06-14T05:35:00.001-07:00

A microwave oven, or a microwave, is a kitchen appliance that cooks or heats food by dielectric heating. This is accomplished by using microwave radiation to heat water and other polarized molecules within the food. This excitation is fairly uniform, leading to food being adequately heated throughout (except in thick objects), a feature not seen in any other heating technique.

Basic microwave ovens heat food quickly and efficiently, but do not brown or bake food in the way conventional ovens do. This makes them unsuitable for cooking certain foods, or to achieve certain effects. Additional kinds of heat sources can be added to microwave packaging, or into combination microwave ovens, to add these additional effects.

Microwaving food raises several safety issues, largely connected with leakage of microwave radiation outside the oven, as well as reducing risks, such as that of fire from high temperature heat sources. There has been some concern that microwaves might damage food (microwave radiation has sounded alarming to some), but the dominant view is that microwaved food is at least as safe as food cooked by other means.

History
Cooking food with microwaves was discovered accidentally in the 1940s. Percy Spencer, a self-taught engineer, was building magnetrons for radar sets with the company Raytheon. He was working on an active radar set when he noticed that a peanut chocolate bar he had in his pocket started to melt. The radar had melted his chocolate bar with microwaves. The first food to be deliberately cooked with Spencer's microwave was popcorn, and the second was an egg, which exploded in the face of one of the experimenters.[1] To verify his finding, Spencer created a high density electromagnetic field by feeding microwave power into a metal box from which it had no way to escape. When food was placed in the box with the microwave energy, the temperature of the food rose rapidly.

On October 8, 1945 Raytheon filed a U.S. patent for Spencer's microwave cooking process and an oven that heated food using microwave energy was placed in a Boston restaurant for testing. In 1947, the company built the Radarange, the first microwave oven in the world.[2] It was almost 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, weighed 750 pounds (340 kg) and cost about US$5000 each. It consumed 3 kilowatts, about three times as much as today's microwave ovens, and was water-cooled. An early commercial model introduced in 1954 consumed 1600 watts and sold for US$2,000 to US$3,000. Raytheon licensed its technology to the Tappan Stove company in 1952. They tried to market a large, 220 volt, wall unit as a home microwave oven in 1955 for a price of US$1,295, but it did not sell well. In 1965 Raytheon acquired Amana, which introduced the first popular home model, the countertop Radarange in 1967 at a price of US$495.

In the 1960s, Litton bought Studebaker's Franklin Manufacturing assets, which had been manufacturing magnetrons and building and selling microwave ovens similar to the Radarange. Litton then developed a new configuration of the microwave, the short, wide shape that is now common. The magnetron feed was also unique. This resulted in an oven that could survive a no-load condition indefinitely. The new oven was shown at a trade show in Chicago, and helped begin a rapid growth of the market for home microwave ovens. Sales volume of 40,000 units for the US industry in 1970 grew to one million by 1975. Market penetration in Japan, which had learned to build less expensive units by re-engineering a cheaper magnetron, was faster.

Several other companies joined in the market, and for a time most systems were built by defense contractors, who were the most familiar with the magnetron. Litton was particularly well known in the restaurant business. By the late 1970s the technology had improved to the point where prices were falling rapidly. Often called "electronic ovens" in the 1960s, the name "microwave ovens" later became standardized, often now referred to informally as simply "microwaves." Formerly found only in large industrial applications, microwave ovens were increasingly becoming a standard fixture of most kitchens. The rapidly falling price of microprocessors also helped by adding electronic controls to make the ovens easier to use. By 1986, roughly 25% of households in the U.S. owned a microwave, up from only about 1% in 1971 [3]. Current estimates hold that over 90% of American households have a microwave.[4]

Principles
For more details on this topic, see dielectric heating.
A microwave oven works by passing non-ionizing microwave radiation, usually at a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (GHz) (a wavelength of 12.24 centimetres (4.82 in)), through the food. Microwave radiation is between common radio and infrared frequencies. Water, fat, and other substances in the food absorb energy from the microwaves in a process called dielectric heating. Many molecules (such as those of water) are electric dipoles, meaning that they have a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other, and therefore rotate as they try to align themselves with the alternating electric field of the microwaves. This molecular movement creates heat as the rotating molecules hit other molecules and put them into motion.

Microwave heating is more efficient on liquid water than on fats and sugars (which have a smaller molecular dipole moment), and also more efficient than on frozen water (where the molecules are not free to rotate).[5] Microwave heating is sometimes explained as a resonance of water molecules, but this is incorrect: such resonance only occurs in water vapor at much higher frequencies, at about 20 GHz.[6] Moreover, large industrial/commercial microwave ovens operating at the common large industrial-oven microwave heating frequency of 915 MHz (0.915 GHz), also heat water and food perfectly well.[7]

A common misconception is that microwave ovens cook food from the "inside out". In reality, microwaves are absorbed in the outer layers of food in a manner somewhat similar to heat from other methods. The misconception arises because microwaves penetrate dry non-conductive substances at the surfaces of many common foods, and thus often induce initial heat more deeply than other methods. Depending on water content, the depth of initial heat deposition may be several centimetres or more with microwave ovens, in contrast to broiling (infrared) or convection heating, which deposit heat thinly at the food surface. Penetration depth of microwaves is dependent on food composition and the frequency, with lower microwave frequencies (longer wavelengths) penetrating better.

Design

A Magnetron with section removed (magnet is not shown)A microwave oven consists of:

a high voltage transformer, which passes energy to the magnetron
a cavity magnetron, which converts high-voltage electric energy to microwave radiation
a magnetron control circuit (usually with a microcontroller)
a waveguide
a cooking chamber
The frequencies used in microwave ovens were chosen based on two constraints. The first is that they should be in one of the ISM bands set aside for non-communication purposes. Three additional ISM bands exist in the microwave frequencies, but are not used for microwave cooking. Two of them are centered on 5.8 GHz and 24.125 GHz, but are not used for microwave cooking because of the very high cost of power generation at these frequencies. The third, centered on 433.92 MHz, is a narrow band that would require expensive equipment to generate sufficient power without creating interference outside the band, and is only available in some countries. For household purposes, 2.45 GHz has the advantage over 915 MHz in that 915 MHz is only an ISM band in the ITU Region 2 while 2.45 GHz is available worldwide.

Most microwave ovens allow the user to choose between several power levels, including one or more defrosting levels. In most ovens, however, there is no change in the intensity of the microwave radiation; instead, the magnetron is turned on and off in duty cycles of several seconds at a time. This can actually be heard (a change in the humming sound from the oven), or observed when microwaving airy foods which may inflate during heating phases, and deflate when the magnetron is turned off. For such ovens, the magnetron is driven by a linear transformer which can only feasibly be switched completely on or off. Newer models have inverter power supplies which use pulse width modulation to provide truly continuous low-power microwave heating.

The cooking chamber itself is a Faraday cage enclosure which prevents the microwaves from escaping into the environment. The oven door is usually a glass panel for easy viewing, but has a layer of conductive mesh to maintain the shielding. Because the size of the perforations in the mesh is much less than the microwaves' wavelength, most of the microwave radiation cannot pass through the door, while visible light (with a much shorter wavelength) can.

Variants and accessories
A variant of the conventional microwave is the convection microwave. A convection microwave is a combination of a standard microwave and a convection oven. It allows food to be cooked quickly, yet come out browned or crisped, as from a convection oven. Convection microwaves are more expensive than a conventional microwave and are not considered cost-effective if primarily used just to heat drinks or frozen food. They are usually used for cooking prepared dishes. Convection microwaves also suffer from smoke and burning odors when microwaved foods spatter grease and food particles. This spatter collects on the heating elements and does not do anything when used solely for microwaving, but it all burns off when later used for convection.

More recently, certain manufacturers have added a high power quartz halogen bulb to their convection microwave models while marketing them under names such as "Speedcook", "Advantium" and "Optimawave" to emphasize their ability to cook food rapidly and with the same browning results typically expected of a conventional oven. This is achieved using the high intensity halogen lights at the top of the microwave to deposit large amounts of infrared radiation to the surface of the food. The food browns while also being heated internally by the microwave radiation and heated through conduction and convection by contact with heated air - produced by the conventional convection portion of the unit. The IR energy which is rapidly delivered to the outer surface of food by the lamps is sufficient to initiate browning caramelization in foods primarily made up of sugars (carbohydrates), and Maillard reactions of those foods primarily made up of protein. These reactions in food produce a texture and taste much more similar to that typically expected of conventional oven cooking rather than the bland boiled and steamed taste that microwave-only cooking tends to create.

In order to aid browning, sometimes an accessory browning tray is used, usually composed of glass or porcelain. It makes food crisp by oxidising the top layer until it turns brown. Ordinary plastic cookware is unsuitable for this purpose since it could melt.

Frozen dinners, pies, and microwave popcorn bags often contain a thin susceptor made from aluminium film in the packaging or included on a small paper tray. Instructions are included to leave the item in the box while cooking it. The metal film absorbs microwave energy efficiently and consequently becomes extremely hot and radiates in the infrared, concentrating the heating of the popcorn oil, or even browning surfaces of frozen foods. Heating packages or trays containing susceptors are designed for a single use and are then discarded with the other food packaging waste.

Sizes
Consumer microwaves typically come in two types in three sizes:

Compact
A compact microwave, also called small, portable, or countertop, is the smallest type of typically available consumer microwave. Compacts are the most popular size of microwave oven, dominating the market. A typical model is no more than 50 cm (18 inches) wide, 35 cm (14 inches) or less deep and 30 cm (12 inches) or less tall. These ovens are rated between 500 and 1000 watts of power and measure less than 28 litres (1 cubic foot) in capacity. These ovens are primarily used for reheating food and making microwave meals and popcorn. The largest models will accommodate a 2 litre (2 quart) round casserole dish and are suitable for light cooking. These ovens are not made to cook large amounts of food. Typically these models cost less than 100 USD (around £50).
Medium-capacity
These microwaves are larger than compact microwaves. Their heights and depths are only marginally larger than compacts, but they are typically 50 cm (20 inches) wide or more. Their interiors are typically between 30 and 45 litres (1.0 and 1.5 cubic feet) and power runs from 1000-1500 watts. These are the standard "family" sized microwave. They tend to have a few more "auto-cook" features, and some incorporate grills or even conventional oven heating elements.
Large-capacity
These are big microwaves designed for cooking large meals. Large-capacity ovens can handle 25×35 cm (9×13 inch) casserole dishes, and cook tall items like roasts or turkey breast, with a large number of "auto-cook" and precise temperature control measures. Large capacity oven normally use over 2000 watts and have over 60 litres (2 cubic feet) of capacity. These ovens are normally well-over 50 cm (20 inches) wide, as much as 50 cm (20 inches) deep, and 30 cm (12 inches) or more high.
Built-in
Built-in microwaves are ovens that are built into the cabinetry similar to traditional ovens. These ovens are typically more expensive than similar sized models. Some built in microwaves are combined with an exhaust fan for installation above a cooktop.
Increasingly, microwaves are sold with additional features including combining them with convection cooking, "top browning" elements that will brown food (similar to the broiling function on an oven) and even rotisseries in the oven. Most microwaves have white enamel interiors but high end models are often stainless steel, like the original Radarange.

Uses
Microwave ovens are generally used for time efficiency in both industrial applications such as restaurants and at home, rather than for cooking quality, although some modern recipes using microwave ovens rival recipes using traditional ovens and stoves. Professional chefs generally find microwave ovens to be of limited usefulness because browning, caramelization, and other flavour-enhancing reactions cannot occur due to the temperature range.[8] On the other hand, people who want fast cooking times can use microwave ovens to prepare food or to reheat stored food (including commercially available pre-cooked frozen dishes) in only a few minutes. Microwave ovens are also useful for the ease in which they can perform some traditionally cumbersome kitchen tasks, such as softening butter or melting chocolate. Popcorn is one example of a very popular item with microwave oven users.

[edit] Efficiency
This section may contain original research or unverified claims. Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (April 2009)

A microwave oven converts only part of its electrical input into microwave energy. A typical consumer microwave oven consumes 1100 W of electricity in producing 700 W of microwave power, an efficiency of 64%. The other 400 W are dissipated as heat, mostly in the magnetron tube. Additional power is used to operate the lamps, AC power transformer, magnetron cooling fan, food turntable motor and the control circuits. This waste heat, along with heat from the food, is exhausted as warm air through cooling vents.

A consideration for rating the efficiency of a microwave oven is to assess how much energy is wasted by using other forms of cooking. For example, when heating water for a coffee, a microwave oven heats just the mugful of water itself. When using a kettle, an element heats the kettle itself plus the water plus any extra water which is then left unused in the kettle. Depending upon the size of the kettle and the amount of excess water, the efficiency of microwave ovens can be quite comparable. Cooking in conventional ovens entails heating the internal structure of the oven to cooking temperature and, additionally, it involves maintaining that temperature against convective and radiative losses of heat for a longer time than is usual with a microwave oven. The efficiencies of conventional cooking methods can be difficult to quantify but tend to be low.

Nokia 1100 Information

2009-06-14T05:21:00.000-07:00

The Nokia 1100 (and a closely-related variant, the Nokia 1101) is a durable and very simple GSM mobile phone produced by Nokia with a 96 x 65 monochrome screen. It is targeted towards developing countries and users who do not require advanced features beyond making calls and SMS text messages, alarm clock, reminders, etc.

The 1100 is similar to the now discontinued 5110/3210/3310 models that were among the most popular cell phones in the world a few years ago before handsets developed several new features such as cameras, polyphonic ringtones and colour screens.

Over 200 million Nokia 1100 cellphones have been sold since its launch in late 2003, making it the world's best selling phone handset,[1] as well as the best selling consumer electronics device in the world, beating Sony's Playstation 2 (125 million), Apple's iPod (170 million) and Motorola's RAZR (120 million).

Nokia's one billionth phone sold was a Nokia 1100 purchased in Nigeria.[

As of early 2009, it has been in the news due to a firmware flaw [4] in a batch of phones that were manufactured in a plant in Bochum, Germany[5]. The phone can be programmed to receive messages directed to a different phone number, thus receiving sensitive bank or other data[6]. This flaw was brought to authorities' attention after some phones were sold for over US$32,000

Contents
1 Features
2 Models
3 Use
4 See also
5 External links
6 References

Features
The 1100 features a built-in flashlight - activated by pressing and holding the "c" key once, or by pressing it twice to lock it on when the keypad is unlocked. It can also be accessed via a menu item.
The 1100 and 1101 are only able to play monophonic ringtones, which can be selected from the list of 36 pre-installed ring tones or from the 7 self-composed ones.
It features Nokia's traditional-style navigational keypad, which uses a single button to connect and end calls, bi-directional keys and vibrating alert.
The Cingular branded version features a built-in AOL Instant Messenger client.
The 1100 is compatible with the Nokia Xpress-On covers (including matching battery compartments). In addition to the default blue, white or black, there are also a light blue, yellow, red, green, orange and pink offered by Nokia, as well as many 3rd party covers.
It has been specifically designed for developing countries: its keypad and front face have been designed to be as dustproof as possible, and its sides are non-slip for humid weather.Other features include a 50-message capacity[11] (inbox and drafts, with 25 messages in the sent items folder), alarm, stopwatch, calculator, 6 profiles, contacts storage (capacity 50, with the ability to assign different tones and icons to different contacts), and games (Snake II and Space Impact+).

Models
There are five distinct variations within the series: the 1100a, 1100b, 1100i, 1101, and the 1108. They differ as follows:

The 1100a operates on the GSM-900/1800 network.
The 1100b operates on the GSM-850/1900 network
The 1100i adds a built-in Nokia prepaid tracker The 1101 replaces the green backlighting with a white backlighting and adds a simple WAP 1.1 browser
The 1108 also replaces the green backlighting with a white backlighting
Use
The phone uses a GSM method of activation via SIM card. The Nokia BL-5C battery has a long standby and talk time - this battery is used in more advanced models that have increased power needs for their features, but in the basic 1100 it consumes a fraction of the power and therefore lasts for up to 400 hours between charges. The 1100 is offered for use with a wide range of mobile phone networks. The 1101 has support for Wireless Application Protocol (WAP).

For MORE

LG 52LBX LCD TV

2009-05-31T04:46:00.000-07:00

Introduced as LG's flagship line of 1080p LCD TVs just last summer, the Korean giant's LBX series began shipping to dealers in the forth quarter of 2007. The LBX TVs seemed promising, albeit relatively light in features compared to some similarly priced competitors.

Then, in January 2008, just a few months into the LBX's reign, LG announced the LG60 series at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES). The new models cost a few hundred bucks more than their LBX counterparts and have a more expansive feature set, so the flag has clearly been transferred to a new ship.

The LBX series has not been discontinued, however, merely pushed down a notch in LG's lineup. Products that find themselves in such circumstances sometimes prove to be terrific bargains, while others are simply reduced to also-ran status. Read on to see which way it shakes out here...

Features
Nicknamed Opus, the LBX series consists of three 1080p LCD TVs, with screen sizes measuring 42, 47, and 52 inches. For this review, LG provided the largest model, the 52LBX.

The LG's overall appearance is sleek and attractive in the usual futuristic manner. The gloss-black cabinet looks great when the set is turned off, but it's shiny enough to cause reflection problems in anything but a totally dark room. The beveled edges that frame the screen are especially problematic in this regard, effectively mirroring the screen image as well as any ambient light sources.

The cabinet sits atop a neatly designed swivel stand, which provides a nice sculptural touch. Personally, I think the decision to finish the stand's central pivot cover in contrasting silver was a mistake—this one bright element smack in the middle of an otherwise pure black field calls too much attention to itself.

Like most upper-end LCD TVs these days, the 52LBX has a 120Hz display panel, which means the rate at which complete frames are flashed on the screen is doubled from 60 to 120 per second. In addition, it can interpolate where moving objects should be in the frames it adds to the input signal, a function LG calls TruMotion, or TruM for short.

The intent is to smooth out fast motion and improve detail on moving objects, and for the most part, 120Hz operation delivers. It has proven effective enough in other sets for me to consider it a must-have LCD feature. That said, none of the implementations I've seen so far has been perfect, and when the picture conditions are just right (or is it wrong?), the 120Hz process can introduce obvious picture artifacts. Fortunately, these normally manifest only briefly, and unless you are specifically looking for them, you probably won't realize that anything untoward has occurred. A few of my UAV colleagues also complain that 120Hz produces a less film-like picture, but I've yet to find this a problem.

At first, I thought the 52LBX was missing a key HDTV feature generically known as "1:1 mode." TVs without this mode "overscan" incoming video signals, enlarging the picture slightly and cropping the edges. This expansion process is necessary when displaying analog broadcast TV signals, in which the top few lines of picture are normally used to carry coded information. If not overscanned into invisibility, you see an annoying line of white flickering "hash" at the top of the screen.

But digital HD broadcasts and discs exhibit no such hash. Simply put, engaging 1:1 mode turns overscan off, enabling the TV to display each and every one of the 1920x1080 pixels contained in an HD signal without scaling or altering the image size in any way. On most TVs, the improvement in picture quality with 1080i and 1080p signals is significant and immediate.

It turns out that the 52LBX does have a 1:1 mode, but it is not documented in the manual, it cannot be found intuitively, it only applies to the HDMI inputs, and it only works properly with 1080p signals. To engage the TV's 1:1 mode on a particular HDMI input, you use the Input Label function in the Options menu to relabel the input to "PC." This works as expected, but only under certain conditions, which I'll get to shortly.

A few other features that bear mentioning are LG's XD Engine processing and USB Media Host. The XD Engine provides three functions—XD Contrast and XD Color should be turned off lest they screw up your carefully tweaked picture settings, but XD Noise is reasonably effective and can be left on if you so desire.

USB Media Host lets you attach a flash drive or other USB storage device and display JPEG images or play MP3 files stored thereon. You can navigate the files onscreen, and even play an MP3 in the background while showing a slide show. Could be a fun thing to do at your next party.